【作者】 李炳志；

【导师】 赵献军；

【作者基本信息】 西北农林科技大学 ， 临床兽医学， 2008， 硕士

【摘要】 奶牛子宫内膜炎是奶牛在产后普遍发生的一种常见多发病,国内统计奶牛子宫内膜炎的发病率高达20%～40%,使奶牛产犊间期延长、产奶量减少、淘汰率增加、治疗费用增加和抗生素治疗期间牛奶废弃,造成很大的经济损失。同时该病也是导致奶牛不孕症的重要原因之一,占不孕牛的70%左右。随着我国奶牛养殖业的大规模扩增,本病的发生有明显增加的趋势。本研究通过对健康奶牛、患子宫内膜奶牛生殖道内需氧及兼性厌氧菌的分离,健康奶牛生殖道乳酸菌的鉴定,健康奶牛生殖道乳酸菌生长曲线及产酸性能的研究和微生态制剂对21头奶牛子宫内膜炎疗效的观察,取得以下结果:1选择20头健康奶牛和20头患子宫内膜炎奶牛,采用常规生理生化方法对其生殖道样品进行细菌的分离鉴定,比较其菌群差异。结果显示,健康奶牛乳酸杆菌、产乳酸球菌和表皮葡萄球菌的分离率明显高于患病奶牛的分离率,差异显著(P<0.05);大肠埃希菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、链球菌的分离率分别低于患病奶牛,差异显著(P<0.05)。研究表明健康奶牛和患子宫内膜炎奶牛生殖道需氧及兼性厌氧细菌差异明显。乳酸细菌的减少引起生殖道内菌群紊乱是奶牛子宫内膜炎发病的重要诱因。2对分离自健康奶牛生殖道内的22株乳酸菌(其中乳酸杆菌15株,乳酸球菌7株)进行了初步的鉴定,鉴定结果为,15株乳酸杆菌中有5株为短乳杆菌,10株为嗜酸乳杆菌;7株乳酸球菌中有4株为粪肠球菌,2株为棉籽糖肠球菌,1株为屎肠球菌。3对分离自健康奶牛生殖道内的嗜酸乳杆菌、短乳杆菌、粪肠球菌、屎肠球菌、棉籽糖肠球菌5株细菌进行生长曲线和产酸性能的研究。结果表明嗜酸乳杆菌、短乳杆菌的生长性能优于3株乳酸球菌粪肠球菌、屎肠球菌、棉籽糖肠球菌,而产酸性能差异不显著。4本试验采用微生态制剂乳酸杆菌发酵液对杨凌周边地区21头患子宫内膜炎奶牛子宫内灌注来进行治疗。结果表明,对奶牛子宫内膜炎有效率为95.23%(20/21),治愈率85.71%(18/21),说明微生态制剂可作为奶牛子宫内膜炎治疗药物使用,为解决生产中奶牛子宫内膜炎高发、奶中抗生素残留的难题提供了新途径。更多还原

【Abstract】 Endometritis is a common postpartum disease of cows. According to reports the attack rate of endometritis reached to 20%～40%. Endometritis causes extension of dioestrum, decrease of milk quantity, increase of disutility rate, increase of treated cost and rejection of milk during treatment by antibiotic and causes great loss of economic. As the quickly development of cow breeding, endometritis has appeared an outstanding increasing trend. In this research, isolated and identified of bacteria in vagina of postpartum healthy cows and endometritis cows; Identified of lacto acid bacteria in vagina of healthy cows; researched growth curve and performance of product acidity and the therapeutic efficacy of micro-ecological agent on endometritis cows.1 Collected of 20 vaginal samples of healthy cows and 20 vaginal samples of endometritis cows. With routine methods of classification and determination of bacteria, compare the difference microflora of two groups. The results indicated that the most frequently isolated bacteria were Lactobacillus, Lactococcus S.epidermidis in healthy cows and the ratio of isolation was obviously higher than that from endometritis cow (P<0.05). But the ratio of isolation of Staphylococcus, Streptococcus and Escherichia.coli were lower than that from endometritis cows (P<0.05). There were obvious differences between healthy cows and edometritis cows. The decrease of lactic acid bacillus and the increase of condition pathogen bacillus was the most important inducement of cows’endometritis.2 Identifying of 22 lacto acid bacteria included 15 Lactobacillus and 7 lactic acid coccus from healthy cows. The results indicated that 15 Lactobacillus contained 5 Lactobacillus brevis and 10 Lactobacillus acidophilus. The 7 lactic acid coccus contained 4 Enterococcus faecalis, 2 Enterococcus raffinosus and 1 Enterococcus faecium. The results were not coincident with other researches. It is possible that the function of lactic acid coccus was ignored in ecological balance of gential tract of milk cows.3 Studying on growth curve and the performance of production acidity of 5 strains bacteria. The results indicated that the performance of growth of Lactobacillus acidophilus and Lactobacillus brevis were more than Enterococcus faecalis, Enterococcus faecium and Enterococcus raffinosus. But the performance of production acidity has no significant difference. 4 Take micro-ecological agent fermentation broth injected into intrauterine of 21 endometritis cows for treating. The effective rate was 95.23% (20/21), the cure rate of was 85.71% (18/21). The results showed micro-ecological agent can reducing and replacing the application of antibiotics in treated endometritis. It was a new method for treated endometritis and can use in green-cultivation of cows.更多还原