【作者】 李继育；

【导师】 苏印泉；

【作者基本信息】 西北农林科技大学 ， 森林培育， 2008， 硕士

【摘要】 近年来环境问题越来越受到人们的关注,空气质量的好坏直接影响到人们的身体和心理健康,成为全世界关注的焦点。目前在环境评价中,空气负离子浓度已成为评价空气质量的重要指标。本文主要论述了植物对空气负离子的几点促进作用,试验内容分为两部分:一部分是在室内对盆栽植物周边土壤,采用自己研制的弱电流(1mA)、低电频(1HZ)、高电压(Um=3.5万伏)艾恩高压脉冲发生器(以下简称:弱流低频高压电击试验)进行电击,促使植物产生大量的空气负离子;另一部分是在野外林区不同林地,对空气负离子浓度进行的实地监测。室内弱流低频高压电击试验的主要研究结果如下:(1)橡皮树、银星秋海棠、绒柏、鹅掌柴四种植物负离子浓度的日变化规律各不相同,最大值、最小值出现的时间不同。(2)从天气情况来看,橡皮树、绒柏、鹅掌柴都是雨天的负离子浓度最大,阴天次之,晴天的最小,而银星秋海棠的负离子浓度雨天最大,其次是晴天,阴天的最小。(3)对橡皮树,银星秋海棠和绒柏连续电击13个小时,结果发现橡皮树、绒柏没有出现明显的“疲惫”现象,即其产生负离子的能力没有受到影响,而银星秋海棠出现了“疲惫”现象。(4)植物产生负离子有“年龄依赖”关系,2年生的银星秋海棠和绒柏比4年生的产生负离子的能力强。(5)光照的有无对不同植物产生负离子能力的影响是有差别的,橡皮树在光照和无光照条件下,负离子浓度变化无显著差异,而绒柏负离子浓度变化有极显著的差异。(6)银星秋海棠、橡皮树、绒柏三种植物在短时间内(1h,2h,3h)都能连续相对稳定的产生一定量的负离子。野外监测的主要结论有:(1) 10年生刺槐林负离子浓度和空气质量比25年生刺槐林的高。(2)从林种来看,针叶林(侧柏,油松)空气负离子浓度及空气质量要高于阔叶林(刺槐)。(3)不同植被结构空气负离子浓度及空气质量的大小顺序是:乔灌草结构>乔草结构>灌草结构>草地>对照(无植被裸地)。更多还原

【Abstract】 Recently, people are more and more attation to environmental problems, air quality is very important to people’s physical and mental health, and it is becomes the focus of the whole world. In environmental assessment, the concentration of negative air ions is becomes the important index in air quality assessment. The article mainly disscuss a few promotion of plants on negative air ions(NAI). Generally, there are two parts in the experiments, the one we use weak current low frequency and high voltage generator which is development by us to stimulate the soil near the potted plants, and the plants generate more negative air ions in this way, and the orther one we monitoring the concentration of negative air ions in different forest region.The results of the indoor experiments are:(1) The change rule of negative air ions concentration is different in the four planst, the emergence time of the maximum and minimum negative air ions concentration is different.(2) Weather affect the change of negative air ions concentration, the highest negative air ions concentration of Ficus elastica, Chamaecyparis pisifera and Schefflera octophylla is in rainy day, while the lowest is in clear day, but Begonia argenteo-guttata is different, it’s highest negative air ions concentration is in rainyday, while the lowest is in cloudy day.(3) Sustaining stimulation 13 hours with high voltage,we find Ficus elastica and Chamaecyparis pisifera does not“tired”, that is their capacity to generate NAI is not reduce, but Begonia argenteo-guttata is“tired”.(4) The capacity of generate NAI by plants exist“age dependen”, the negative air ions concectration in the two age Begonia argenteo-guttata and Chamaecyparis pisifera are higher than the four age.(5) The capacity of generate NAI by different plants is difference when light or not, Ficus elastica in the light and no light conditions, negative air ions concentration was not significantly different, but the netative air ions concentration of Chamaecyparis pisifera is in a very significant difference.(6) Begonia argenteo-guttata, Ficus elastica and Chamaecyparis pisifera can continuous stably genetate a certain amount of NAI in a short time.The results of field monitaoring are: (1) The negative air ions concentration and air quality of ten age Robinia pseudoacacia are higher than the twenty-five age.(2) The negative air ions in coniferous forest was significant higher than that in the broadleaf forest .(3) The negative air ions concentration and air quality of the different vegetation structure are as follows:multilayer structure> double arbor and lawn strcuture>double shrub and lawn structure> grassland >bald land.更多还原