【作者】 胡桃；

【导师】 樊金拴；

【作者基本信息】 西北农林科技大学 ， 林产化学加工工程， 2008， 硕士

【摘要】 大熊猫是我国的国宝,现在仅存活于我国的四川、陕西和甘肃三省。保护好秦岭大熊猫具有十分重要的科研价值和实际意义。在前人已有研究的基础上,本文采用野外调查与室内测试相结合的方法,首次比较全面系统的研究了秦岭大熊猫栖息地气味特征,取得了以下主要结果:1.秦岭大熊猫栖息地植被可划分为4个植被型组,8个植被型,9个植被亚型、13个群系组、30个群系。其中,针叶林和阔叶林植被型组为秦岭大熊猫栖息地的地带性植被,占主要成分,分布的面积约占栖息地总面积的92.4%。针叶林植被型组包括寒温性针叶林、温性针叶林和温性针阔叶混交林三个植被型,在群系上包括太白红杉林、巴山冷杉林、油松林、华山松林、油松-锐齿栎针阔叶混交林、华山松-锐齿栎针阔叶混交林、华山松-桦针阔叶混交林、华山松-阔杂针阔叶混交林及油松-阔杂针阔叶混交林等9个群系。2.秦岭大熊猫栖息地气味物质来自其境内植被中的相关乔、灌、草植物。各层植物的气味物质互相补充,互相作用,形成了各类熊猫栖息地的特有气味。乔木层中松科植物的主要气味化学成分为α-蒎烯、柠檬烯、异松油烯、月桂烯、β-蒎烯、樟脑和龙脑等。其它科属乔木的香气成分(如八角枫中的丁香酚甲醚、1,8-桉叶素、侧柏中的雪松醇等)的气味强度远不及松科类植物。多种气味物质的共同构成乔木层的气味特征。灌木层的主要气味化学成分主要来自于大熊猫的三种主食竹秦岭箭竹、巴山木竹和龙头竹。桉油醇、百里香酚、石竹烯、没药烯和石竹烯氧化物等构成了秦岭箭竹的主要香气成分。1,2-丙二醇和乙苯为龙头的主要香气成分;(Z)-3-己烯-1-醇,1,2-丙二醇和2-己烯醛为巴山木竹的主要香气成分。草本层中红冠紫菀、鸡屎藤、紫苏、青蒿、缬草、败酱草和石菖蒲等植被中气味成分为柠檬烯、紫苏醛、石竹烯、乙酸龙脑酯、蒎烯等。3.秦岭大熊猫栖息地气味类型按照其气味化学成分及其特性可划分为六个类型,即:松木香+辛香+酚香型、松木香+柠檬香+辛香+酚香型、松木香+木香+酚香型、松木香+柠檬香型、清香+花香型和其它香型。松木香+柠檬香+辛香+酚香主要分布于大熊猫栖息地的核心区域,清香+花香和其它香型主要分布于潜在栖息地内,而其它的气味类型分布较广,各种栖息地类型中都有一些分布,其中松木香+柠檬香型是大熊猫栖息地中最为常见的一种气味类型,分布的范围最广。在油松、华山松林、油松-阔杂针阔叶混交林、华山松-桦针阔叶混交林、华山松-阔杂针阔叶混交林、锐齿栎林、栓皮栎林和鹅耳枥林下都呈这种气味类型。松科类植被中所含有的萜烯类化合物构成了这种气味类型的主体,不同灌木、草本组成会适当的改变气味特点,因此此种类型可以进一步划分为松木香+柠檬香+辛香和松木香+柠檬香+清香两种类型。更多还原

【Abstract】 The giant panda, which lives only in sichuan, shaanxi and gansu, is the national treasure. Protecting the Qinling panda has very important scientific research value and practical significance. According to predecessor’s researches, the odor properties of the giant panda were investigated deeply in this thesis for the first time, adopting field investigation and indoor analysis methods. The main results are as follows:1. The vegetation types in the Giant Panda’s Habitat of the Qinling Mountains can be divided into 4 vegetation type groups, 8 vegetation types, 9 sub-types, 13 formation group and 30 representative formations. Among them, coniferous forest and broadleaved forest, which are the major vegetation types and account for 92.4% of the total area of the habitat, are the zonal vegetation for the giant panda of the Qinling Mountains. Coniferous forest includes cool-temperate coniferous forest, temperate coniferous forest and temperate coniferous broadleaved nixed forest, and Formation Larix chinensis, Formation Abies fargesii, Formation Pinus tabulaeformis, Formation Pinus armandii, Formation Pinus tabulaeformis- Quercus atiena var. acuteserrota, Formation Pinus armandii- Quercus atiena var. acuteserrota, Formation Pinus armandi-Betula spp., Formation Pinus armandii, * spp., Formation Pinus tabulaeformis, * spp., ect.2. The odor substance of the giant panda habitat comes from certain tree, shrub and herb in the habitat. The complement and interaction of the odor substance from the three layers form the special odor of each habitat. The major odor chemical constituents of pinaceae plants in tree layer areα-Pinene, Limonene, terpinolene, myrcene,β-pinene, camphor, borneol, ect. While the odor strength of aroma components in other families, such as methyl eugenol and 1, 8-cineole from Alangium chinense and cedrol from Arborvitae, is quite lower than pinaceae. The multiple odor substance is the odor character of the tree layer. And the major odor chemical constituents come from the three staple food bamboos of the giant panda, Fargesia qinlingensi, Bashania fargesii, Fargesia dracocephala. Eucalyptol, Thymol, Caryophyllene, Bisabolene, Caryophyllene oxide consist of the main odor chanical constituentsof Fargesia qinlingensi; 1, 2-Propanedio and Ethylbenzene are the main odor constituents of Fargesia dracocephala; (Z)-3-Hexen-1-ol, 1, 2-Propanediol and 2-Hexenal are the main odor constituents of Bashania fargesii. The plants with odor in herb layer are relatively less, and they are Asterhandelii Onno., Paederia scandens(Lour.) Merr., Perilla frutescens(L.) Britt, Artemisia annua L., Valeriana officinalis L, Herba Patriniae, Acorus tatarinowii Schott, ect. The odor constituents in those plants are Limonene, perillaldehyde, Caryophyllene, bornyl acetate, pinene, ect.3. Accoding to chemical constituents, the odor type of the Giant Panda’s Habitat of the Qinling mountains can be devided into pine-spicy-phenol type, pine-lemon-spicy-phenol type, pine-woody-phenol type, pine-lemon type, green-floral type and other types. The pine-lemon-spicy-phenol type mainly distributes around the key areas of the habitat, and the green-floral type and other types distribute around potential habitats. The rest three types distribute in a wider range of habitat, and the pine-lemon type is the most common odor type in the habitat and it distributes most widely, existing in Formation Pinus tabulaeformis, Formation Pinus armandii, Formation Pinus tabulaeformis, * spp., Formation Pinus armandii, -Betula spp., Formation Pinus armandii, * spp., Formation Quercus atiena var. acuteserrota, Formation Quercus variabilis and Formation Carpinu turczaninowii. The terpenes in pinaceae are the major type, and different compostion of shrub and herb may change this feature. Therefore, this odor type can be further divided into pine-lemon-spicy type and pine-lemon-green type.更多还原