【作者】 赵楠；

【导师】 刘小林； 侯水生；

【作者基本信息】 西北农林科技大学 ， 遗传学， 2008， 硕士

【摘要】 本研究采用PCR-SSCP和DNA测序技术,检测了北京鸭和樱桃谷鸭4个群体共400个个体与脂肪性状相关基因(A-FABP基因)、北京鸭2个群体共238个个体与繁殖性状相关基因(PRLR基因)的遗传变异,分析了其遗传结构和遗传多样性,并对北京鸭和樱桃谷鸭4个群体在上述基因位点的多态性与其相关生产性状进行了关联分析,以期发现对重要经济性状具有显著效应的遗传标记,为中国地方鸭的高效选育和分子标记数据库的建立、种质资源保存与利用提供遗传学依据。本研究取得了以下结果:1肉鸭A-FABP基因多态性及其与屠体性状的关联分析(1)进行A-FABP基因SNPs分析发现,所检测的A1位点未发现多态,A2位点发现6个SNPs(EU306610和EU306611:g. 106A>T、108T>C、123T>C、164C>T、215C>A和231T>C),均位于内含子2上。(2)群体遗传学分析结果表明,群体基因型频率和基因频率有差异。四个群体A等位基因频率均高于B等位基因频率,并且在Z4和Z2中达到显著水平。(3)适合性χ2检验结果表明,北京鸭Z4、Z4×Z2杂交和樱桃谷鸭群体均处于Hardy-Weinberg平衡状态(P>0.05),而北京鸭Z2群体处于Hardy-Weinberg非平衡状态(P<0.05),四个群体平均杂合度为0.42,平均多态信息含量为0.33,均为中度多态(0.25<PIC<0.5)。(4)最小二乘法分析SNPs与屠体性状的关联性结果表明,群体屠体性状差异极显著,Z4系屠体重、全净膛重、肌内脂肪含量显著高于其它品系,而樱桃谷鸭胸肌率、腿肌率显著高于其它品系,皮脂率、腹脂率显著低于其它群体。各群体内不同基因型与屠体性状的关系均未达到显著水平。2北京鸭PRLR基因多态性及其与产蛋性状的关联分析(1)研究北京鸭的PRLR基因的遗传多态性,经PCR-SSCP检测,在第9内含子区域未发现多态,第10外显子发现8个单核苷酸突变位点。表明在北京鸭2个品系中,该座位有7种基因型。(2)最小二乘法分析突变与产蛋性状的关联性表明,北京鸭Z2系突变型F型个体产蛋量(率)高于B型;而北京鸭W2系不同基因型各项指标差异均不显著。更多还原

【Abstract】 PCR-SSCP and DNA sequencing were used in this paper to study the polymorphism of fatness candidate gene (A-FABP) and reproduction trait candidate gene (PRLR) in Beijng ducks and Cherry Valley populations.The associations of their polymorism with production traits were also studied. The aim of this study was to finel some genetic markers which associated with important economic traits; provide some imformation for breeding in native duck populations, establishment the database of molecular markers, maintenance and using breeds resources. The results were showed as follows:1. Relationship between genetic variation of A-FABP gene and production traits in meat-type ducks(1) SNPs of A-FABP gene were analysised, the results showed that there were no polymorphisms found in A1 locus.Six SNPs were found at intron 2 (EU306610:g.106A>T, 108T>C, 123T>C, 164C>T, 215C>A and 231T>C).(2) The analysis of population showed that there were some differences in alleles and genotypes among different populations. The frequency of A Allele was higher than B Allele, and there was significant difference in Z2 and Z4. But there were not significant differences in other populations.(3) Theχ2 test revealed that A2 locus was in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium in Z4, cross and cherry valley populations (P<0.05), and was in Hardy-Weinberg disequilibrium in Z2 population (P>0.05). All populations were moderate polymorphic (0.25<PIC<0.50) in A2 locus, which average PIC was 0.33 and average heterozygosity was 0.42.(4) The association between different genotypes of the A-FABP gene and the carcass traits in the population were analyzed. On the parameter of the percentage of eviscerated yield (EYP), percentage of breast muscle (BMP), percentage of leg muscle (LMP), percentage of skin-fat (SFP) and percentage of abdominal-fat (AFP), Cherry Valley line was the highest, and achieved novel level(P<0.05). However, Z4 individuals had greater IMF content than other populations. In the populations there were no significant difference among different genetypes(P>0.05).2. Relationship between genetic variation of PRLR gene and laying traits in Beijing ducks (1) The study results of the diversity of PRLR gene in ducks showed that there was no mutation in P1 locus, and eight mutations were found in P2 locus. The results showed that there were seven genetypes.(2) The least square analysis results showed that in Z2 genetype F had higher laying number and laying rate. There were no significant differences in W2 population.更多还原