【作者】 赵弟；

【导师】 郑慧子；

【作者基本信息】 河南大学 ， 马克思主义哲学， 2008， 硕士

【摘要】 20世纪90年代以来,随着全球问题,尤其是生态环境问题和社会问题的日趋严重和彰显,“生态学马克思主义”产生了广泛的影响,越来越引起人们的普遍关注,成为现代生态哲学界研究的一个热点话题。本文选取美国奥康纳生态学马克思主义理论作为研究的视角,从考察奥康纳生态学马克思主义自然观形成入手,探究其理论内容和特征,分析其价值及现实意义,并指出其理论的局限性。论文包括五个部分:第一部分引言.主要介绍生态学马克思主义理论的研究现状及其意义。第二部分是奥康纳自然观产生的社会历史背景及理论基础。1.与当代西方资本主义的自身发展造成的生态危机有关;2.与全球性的生态运动和绿色政治的兴起增强了人们的生态意识有关;3.与传统社会主义模式暴露的弊端引起西方学者反思的历史背景有关。奥康纳生态学马克思主义理论作为当代西方马克思主义的重要思潮之一,它不仅是一定社会政治和经济的反映,而且也与特定的思想、理论密切相关,其理论基础主要表现在三方面:经典马克思主义理论;西方马克思主义理论;生态科学理论。第三部分重点介绍奥康纳的自然观。(一)自然——奥康纳生态学马克思主义自然观的理论基石(二)人与自然的关系(三)资本主义与自然:可持续发展的资本主义何以可能(四)社会主义与自然:生态学社会主义何以可能。奥康纳自然观侧重于研究由全球问题而引发的自然异化现象,并以马克思主义哲学关于人与自然关系理论为研究的逻辑前提,将“文化”和“自然”引入历史唯物主义理论,在自然、社会、政治和意识形态等层面,展开对人与自然的生态关系的论证。奥康纳继承和发展了历史唯物主义方法论,立足于马克思主义生产劳动范畴,将生态环境问题作为时代主题,把自然生态因素与政治、经济、文化因素相联系研究生态危机的根源及其现实解决途径,确立了自身生态学马克思主义的理论视阈。在人与自然关系上,奥康纳肯定了人与自然之间互动协作关系的同时,强调生产劳动对人与自然关系的主导作用。奥康纳认为,唯物史观的第一重矛盾理论缺乏自然维度,通过自然、文化和劳动范畴的融合,奥康纳建立了以生产条件为核心范畴的第二重矛盾理论,对资本通过危机而积累的过程进行了分析,揭示了资本积累与生态危机和经济危机之间的内在联系,从而得出可持续发展的资本主义是不可能的结论。以第二重矛盾为基础,奥康纳探讨了生态危机的资本主义根源、新社会运动对资本主义生产的制约作用、国家对资本生产与自然矛盾的协调,反思了社会主义运动的经验和教训以及生态运动的现状和问题,论述了生态学与社会主义结合的可能性和现实性。奥康纳试图运用马克思主义的主场、观点和方法揭示马克思主义和生态学的关联,揭示资本主义的反生态性质和社会主义与生态发展的兼容性,是西方马克思主义者试图发展马克思主义的当代尝试。第四部分主要讨论了奥康纳自然观的理论特征及历史地位。奥康纳自然观对当代全球问题和人类困境的哲学思索,为人们协调人与自然的关系提供了新的视角,其中不乏真知灼见,值得我们思考和借鉴。但是,由于特定的历史条件和现实原因,它不可避免地存在着理论上的局限性,需要我们运用马克思主义立场、观点和方法加以厘清和甄别。第五部分是结束语。通过对奥康纳自然观的研究得出一个重要结论:走出危机,重构人与自然关系,实现人与自然的和谐。研究奥康纳生态学马克思主义自然观,对于我们正确地认识和考察全球生态问题,丰富和发展马克思主义生态理论,树立正确的生态理念,建立生态文明,构建和谐社会都具有重要的理论意义和现实意义。更多还原

【Abstract】 Since the 1990s, with the evidence of the global questions, in especial , the evidence of ecological and societal questions, ecological Marxism has exerted a widespread and profound influence, more and more given rise to the general attention and become a warm topic in the modern ecological philosophy circles. This thesis chooses North America Ecological Marxism theoretician, James O’Connor’theory on Ecological Marxism as studying angle of view, from inspecting the formation of O’Connor’theory on Ecological Marxism probes its content and feature , then analyzes theoretical value and limitations.This paper includes five sections.Part1 is a foreword. It simply introduces the studying status quo and meaning on O’Connor’theory of Ecological Marxism.Part 2 mainly introduces producing social historical background and theoretical basis O’Connor’outlook on nature. Its background has truck with Ecological crisis that the contemporary capitalism develops itself and with Ecological movement around the world and the risen of Green politics and with malpractice of traditional socialism pattern. Its theoretical basis has three aspects namely the theory of classical Marxism;the theory of west Marxism;the theory of ecological science.Part 3 strongly introduces O’Connor’outlook on nature.﹙一﹚Nature——the theoretical foundation stone of O’Connor’theory on Ecological Marxism;(二) the relation of man and nature;﹙三﹚capitalism and nature: why is the sustainable capitalism possible;﹙四﹚socialism and nature: why is the ecological socialism possible。O’Connor’outlook on nature lays particular emphasis on studying phenomenon of alienation on nature that the issues on a global scale initiate and being on the logical prerequisite Marxism philosophy’s study on the relation of man and nature lead the concepts of“culture”and“nature”onto historical materialism. In the natural social political ideological sphere it spreads out demonstration on the relation of man and nature. O’Connor carries on methodology of historical materialism. Being on the base of the category Marxism’s productive labor and taking ecological environmental questions for the theme of the times he studies the source of ecological crisis and the ways of solving ones by combining natural factor with economical and cultural ecological factors and establishes his theoretical visual threshold. In the relation of man and nature he affirms interactive relation between man and nature;on the other hand he emphasizes productive labor on leading role on the relation of man and nature. O’Connor thinks that the first contradiction theory of Historical materialism lacks natural dimensionality. Combining the categories of nature and culture with labor category, O’Connor establishes the second contradiction theory which is based on Production conditions category, deeply analyzes the process of the capital accumulation by crises, opens out the internal relations among eco-crises, economy crises and capital accumulation and comes to the conclusion that sustainable capitalism is impossible. According to the second contradiction theory, O’Connor probes the capitalism origin of the ecological crisis, the function of the new social movement′restraining the capitalist production, the state coordination of the contradiction between capital and natural contradictions and rethinks socialist movement’s experiences and lessons and eco-movement’s status quo and problems, discusses the possibility and actuality of association of ecology and socialism, Ecological Marxism developed by O’Conner trying to explore the relation of Marxism and ecology, to high light the anti-ecology nature of capitalism and the compatibility with ecological development of socialism, is one of the meaningful theoretical attempt to develop Marxism made by modern western scholars.Part 4 mainly discusses the theoretical trait and the historical position of O’Connor’outlook on nature. O’Conner offers new angle of view for people’s coordinating the relation between man and nature by philosophic thought on the whole issues and human difficult position. There is no lack of real knowledge and deep insight among them. They are worth thinking and using for reference. But, for particular historical condition and real reasons, it inevitably exists theoretical limitations. We must apply the Marxism’s stand、view point and method to clear up and discriminate.Part 5 is concluding remarks. We come to a conclusion that we must go out crisis, rebuild the relation between man and nature, and realize the harmony of the relation on man and nature by study of O’Connor’outlook on nature.By deeply studying O’Conner’s ecological Marxism, it is important theoretical and realistic meanings for us correctly to know and observes global ecological issues, to enrich and develop Marxism’s theories, to establish correct ecological ideal, to set up ecological civilization and to construct harmonious society.更多还原