【作者】 岳红强；

【导师】 王明锁；

【作者基本信息】 河南大学 ， 民商法学， 2008， 硕士

【摘要】 传统民法理论认为,人格权具有专属性特征,即人格权与民事主体不可分离,它是专属于特定民事主体的权利,不得转让、抛弃和继承。但随着市场经济的深入发展和社会的飞速变化,传统民法人格权通过人格和人格权的分离、人格权的有限让度、人格权的经济利益凸现,人格权与其他民事有关权利一样实现了商事化的过程,人格权不可转让性的基础已经被突破。人格权不仅包括人身利益,而且包含了财产利益,出现了学界所热衷讨论的“人的普遍商化”现象,反映出人格利益的财产属性的加强。针对这种基于商品经济的发展而自然产生的现象,理论界提出了“商品化权”、“形象权”和“商事人格权”等多种学说和解释。其中,“商事人格权”理论是一种颇具创见的观点。但是,法学界关于商事人格权的权利主体、性质、类型及保护方式等问题存在着不同的主张和观点,而且争议和讨论较为激烈。研究该问题的意义在于:揭示人格权与财产权之间的新关系;引起人们对人格权中经济利益内涵的重视;为商事人格权的商业利用提供理论基础;强调对商事人格利益的特殊保护。本文除引言和结语外,包括四个部分:第一部分:商事人格权概述。商事人格权是指商事主体依法享有的,以商事人格利益为客体,并可转让、继承的一项基本权利。其本质上是一种特殊的人格权,具有主体特定性、以商事人格利益为客体、可转让性和继承性三个特征。商事人格权与传统民法人格权之间为特殊与一般的关系。商事人格权作为人格权的一种,适用于传统民法人格权的一般规定;两者的主体、客体、侵权方式和后果等方面存在着不同。第二部分:商事人格权的主要类型。现阶段我国商事人格权包括四项具体权利类型:商号权、商誉权、商事信用权和商业秘密权。商号权是指商主体基于商业登记而对其使用的名称所享有的排他性专有使用权。商誉权是商主体依法享有的在其商事活动中逐渐形成的,反映社会对其生产、产品、销售、服务等多方面综合评价的权利。商事信用权是指商主体对其基于主观上的诚信和客观上对承诺的兑现而在社会上获得的信赖与评价所享有的利用、保有和维护的权利。商业秘密权则是指商主体依法享有的对其商业秘密进行支配的权利。第三部分:商事人格权制度的立法现状及存在的主要问题。我国立法中没有规定商事人格权概念,也没有对商事人格权制度体系进行构建;关于商事人格权的立法规范散见于《民法通则》等多个部门法中。对商号权、商誉权、商事信用权和商业秘密权等进行了相关立法分析,指出当前我国商事人格权制度中主要存在着五个方面的问题:立法规范过于分散,缺乏统一性和可操作性;立法层次较低,立法机构混乱,缺乏科学性;对商事人格权中经济利益的保护不足;商事人格权的转让和继承制度规定不够明确;将商事人格权和传统民事人格权一体保护,责任方式不够具体。第四部分:我国商事人格权制度的立法完善。针对我国商事人格权制度中存在的不足,提出了四项立法建议:一是在民商基本法中明确规定商事人格权的概念和具体类型,对名誉权进行分解与重塑,独立出商誉权和信用权;二是拓展人格权客体范围,承认人格权中的经济利益。人格权保护的客体应包括精神价值的人格利益和财产价值的人格利益;三是设立部分商事人格权转让和继承制度,具体规范商号权和商誉权的转让方式和效力;四是明确规定商事人格权的保护方式,权利人可以行使人格权请求权和侵权请求权进行法律救济。在赔偿方式上,以财产损害赔偿为主,其他责任方式为辅,不适用精神损害赔偿。更多还原

【Abstract】 From the viewpoint of the traditional civil law, personal right is a unique right of certain civil subject, which can’t be separated from the civil subject and can’t be transferred, abandoned or inherited. However, with the intensification of the market economy and the development of the whole society, traditional personal right started to have economical factors like other civil rights. Personal right becomes independent from the personality and can be transferred by certain limit. And the basis of its non-transferable has been broken. At the present time, personal right includes not only physical interests but also the interests of property. A keen discussion by scholars for the phenomenon of universal commercialization reflects the strengthening of the property interests in personality attributes.In view of this phenomena caused by the development of the market economy, theorists put forward many theories and explanations, like“commercialization rights”、“image rights”and“commercial personal rights”. Among them, the theory of“commercial personal rights”is a creative viewpoint. However, the jurisprudential circle holds different perspectives on the issues concerning the subject of right、the nature and the types of protection methods. The significance of the issue lies in the following aspects: revealing the new relationship between personal right and the right of property, arousing the attention to the connotational meaning of economic interests in the personal right, providing a theoretical basis for the commercial use of the commercial personal right and emphasizing the special protection of the commercial personal right.In this paper, it includes the following four components in addition to the introduction and the conclusion.The first part: An overview of the commercial personal right. The commercial personal right is a right of the subject of commercial rights by operation of law; it takes the commercial personal interests as its object and can be transferred and inherited. As a special kind of personal right, it has three characteristics such as its subject being confirmed, taking commercial personal interests as its object being conveyable and hereditable. The relationship between the commercial right and the traditional civil law is like special to general. As a kind of personal right, the commercial personal right is applicable to the general provisions of traditional civil right. There still exist differences in its main body, the object, infringing manner and its consequences.The second part: An analysis of the main types of the commercial personal right. At present, there are four specific types of the right in China: the right of trade name, the right of good will, the right of commercial credit and the right of trade secrets. Trade name is the right to ensure the commercial objects to us their proprietary firms freely and exclusively during the commercial activities. Good will is the right which formed in the process of the commercial activities, reflecting the comprehensive evaluation of its production、sales and service. Commercial credit is the right to use and maintain the evaluation and the trust of the society. Trade secrets are the right to hold and enjoy their commercial secrets exclusively by operation of law.The third part: An exploration on the present legislative status and major problems of the commercial personal right system. There is neither any exact concept of the commercial personal right in the laws of our country, nor a systematic construction of it exists. On the commercial personal right norms are contained in the General Principles of civil law and other laws in a number of departments. This paper has a legislative analysis on the four aspects above and points out five main problems in the present system of commercial personal right in our country as follows: The first is the norms are too dispersive to uniform and operate. The second is the low-level legislation and the legislature confusion lacks rationality. The third is the shortage of the protection in the commercial character. The fourth is that the transference and inheritance system is still in a mess. The Last one, the responsibility means to protect the commercial personal right are not specific enough.The fourth part: On the improvement and perfection of the legislative system of the commercial personal right in China. In view of the right of the deficiencies in the system, four legislative proposals are put forward. Firstly, there should be specific prescript about the concept and types of the commercial personal right in the basic law of civil and commercial matters. The reputation of the right to decomposition and remodeling , the right to an independent the right of goodwill and credit rights. Secondly, the ranges of the personal right’s object should be expanded and the moral rights in the economic interests should be recognized, and the objects which the personal right protects should include the spiritual values and property values of the character’s personality interests. Thirdly, a transference and inheritance system of the commercial personal right should be established, and the transfer mode and effect of the right of trade mark and the right of goodwill should be specified. Fourth, there should be specific provisions to protect the commercial personal right; people can exercise their rights of personality and infringing the right to request the right to legal relief. In compensation, taking damages to property as main means, supplemented by other responsibilities, does not apply to spiritual damages.更多还原