【作者】 姚珍；

【导师】 马小泉；

【作者基本信息】 河南大学 ， 中国近现代史， 2008， 硕士

【摘要】 1876年至1879年,中国发生了一场古今罕见的大旱灾,它以山西、河南为中心,波及直隶、山东等数省,史称“丁戊奇荒”。古代中国,荒政关乎国计民生和统治阶级的政权稳固,也是衡量官吏政绩的重要依据。历朝历代统治者和官吏任职期间都非常重视荒政事务,位高权重的李鸿章也不例外。在“丁戊奇荒”前后,作为直隶总督兼理赈运事务的李鸿章实施了一系列的荒政措施。从总体上而言:李鸿章所采取的灾前预防、赈灾、灾后恢复措施都收到了一定效果;对吏治的整顿、对赈灾官员的选贤任能,对于荒政的推行也起到了一定保障作用,并且他在办赈中注重恤民与恤商相结合,这些都显示出他务实性的一面。但作为封建王朝的官吏由于受时代、传统的影响,他所推行的荒政措施有一定局限性:没有认识到科学技术的重要性;对灾前预防重视还不够;没有从根本上提高灾区的生产力从而达到抵御灾荒的目的,而是就灾论灾,治标不治本,达不到预期的效果,因此对其所产生的后果也不能给与过高估计。另外,李鸿章在办赈过程中并不是真正的关心民间疾苦,而是以自己的政治前途为主,有很大自私自利性。本文主要分三个部分进行论述:第一部分:主要是介绍“丁戊奇荒”简况和李鸿章的主要荒政措施。李鸿章的荒政措施主要从灾前预防、赈灾和灾后恢复三个方面进行论述。另外还介绍了为保证这些措施的实施而推行的整顿吏治和选贤任能。第二部分:主要论述李鸿章荒政措施的实施效果,分别从灾前、赈灾、灾后措施的实施效果进行分析,另外还对整吏治、选贤能办赈的效果进行了分析。第三部分:论述李鸿章荒政的特点和局限性。主要从恤民与恤商相结合、务实性和不重视科学技术的应用、自私性和灾前预防重视不够几个方面来论述。更多还原

【Abstract】 From 1876 to 1879, there was a big drought that the ancient and modern were rare. It took Shanxi, Henan as the center and effected number provinces, such as Zhili, Shandong. It was called“Ding Wu Qi Huang”(“丁戊奇荒”) in history. The famine relief measures were important basis that weight the government officials’ achievements in the Chinese ancient times. The government officials of all previous dynasties thought highly of famine relief measures. Li Hongzhang was not exceptional, although his official position was very high. Li Hongzhang had implemented a series of famine relief measures as Zhili governor and a person in charge of transportation grain in the period of“Ding Wu Qi Huang”(“丁戊奇荒”). Overall speaking: the measures including before disaster’s prevention, the disaster relief, the disaster’s restoration that Li Hongzhang adopted had received certain effect; the measures of reorganization administrative style and achievement of local officials and assign talented disaster relief officials also played certain safeguard role regarding famine relief measures carrying out, and he paid great attention to the unify of pity the people and the business, these all demonstrated his practical side. But as the feudal dynasty’s government official and because of the result of the time, the famine relief measures which he carried out had certainly limited: had not realized the importance of the science and technology; not place importance on prevention before the disaster enough; had not enhanced fundamentally the productive forces of the disaster area to serve the purpose of resistance famine, but only discussed the disaster on the disaster, could not solve the rooted problem and could not achieve the anticipated purpose, therefore to the consequences could not give the high estimate. Moreover, Li Hongzhang was not true care for folk hardship in the process of relief matters, but by own political future primarily and he had big selfish self-interesting.This article is mainly divided three parts to carry on the elaboration: The first part: mainly introduce the status of“Ding Wu Qi Huang”(“丁戊奇荒”) and Li Hongzhang’s main famine relief measures. Li Hongzhang’s famine relief measures mainly from the preventive measures before the disaster, disaster relief measures and disaster restore measures after the disaster three aspects to carry on the elaboration. In addition, this article introduces reorganization administrative style and achievement of local officials and assigns talented disaster relief officials in order to guarantee these measures carry out implementation.The second part: mainly elaborates the effect of famine relief measures that Li Hongzhang implementation, separately from disaster’s prevention, the disaster relief, the disaster’s restoration to expound. Moreover, this article analyzes the effect of reorganization administrative style and achievement of local officials and assigns talented disaster relief officials.The third part: elaborates the characteristic and the limitation of famine relief measures. Mainly from the unify of pity the people and the businessmen, result-oriented and not take application of science and technology seriously, selfish aspects to elaborate.更多还原