丘陵低山区中心村空间布局研究

【作者】 张伟；

【导师】 朱玉碧；

【作者基本信息】 西南大学 ， 土地资源管理， 2008， 硕士

【摘要】 中心村建设是十六大提出的全面推进小康社会的重要组成部分之一。2007年3月,在温家宝所作的政府工作报告中,“三农”问题仍然占有十分重要的位置。而近年社会主义新农村建设的广泛展开、《城乡规划法》的出台也有力的促进了中心村的建设,使之进入了一个崭新的发展阶段。中心村是未来农村居民点的主体,是农民生活的主要场所。中心村的规划建设既是促进农村社会经济发展的客观要求,也是改进农村社会化服务设施的主要手段;更是缩小城乡差别,改善农民生产生活条件的必然选择。随着新农村建设的日益深入和推进,可以预见对中心村建设的研究也将出现一个新的高潮。而如何科学的选择中心村,确定区域发展的重点,优化中心村的空间布局,则是其中的一个亟待解决的问题。当前,国内外已有不少学者对中心村的建设问题进行了广泛的研究,取得了不少成果。但还存在着很多的问题和不足。通过对相关研究的研究方法、研究区域和研究内容等的统计和分析,认为当前研究中存在理论深度不够,实证、定量研究少,研究还不够全面等问题。今后关于中心村的研究,一方面应注重中心村建设问题理论模型的构建,完善其理论体系;另一方面应依靠深入的实证与定量研究,加强中心村建设的前期调研和具体规划布局设计,确保中心村建设的合理有序进行。针对中心村研究中的前期研究不足,定量、深入研究比较少的状况,本文由微观分析入手,在深入分析中心村建设的理论基础和丘陵低山区中心村空间布局现状的基础上,运用层次分析法和聚类分析法等定量分析方法,建立起一套基于村庄综合发展实力的丘陵低山区中心村空间布局评价指标体系。并对该指标体系在丘陵低山区中心村空间布局方面的应用前景进行了分析。在进行理论研究的同时,也运用该指标体系对铜梁县蒲吕镇进行实证研究,提出了该镇中心村空间布局的规划方案,并对方案的可行性和科学性进行了相关验证和分析。全文主要分为八个部分,各部分研究的主要内容如下:第一部分:序论。主要介绍了研究的背景、方法、技术路线等。中心村建设的时代背景是当前的社会主义新农村建设和城乡统筹发展战略。加强中心村空间布局的研究有助于完善我国的村镇规划体系,推动社会主义新农村建设,并为其他工作,如迁村并点、农村宅基地整理、城乡建设用地置换等打下良好的基础。研究的总体思路是:首先对中心村建设的理论基础进行了分析,然后在剖析了丘陵低山区中心村空间布局特点基础上,通过实地调查,并运用层次分析法、聚类分析法、因素成对比较法等方法,建立起一套基于村庄综合发展实力的中心村空间布局评价指标体系,并对该指标体系在丘陵低山区中心村空间布局方面的应用前景进行了理论分析和评价。最后,运用该评价指标体系对铜梁县蒲吕镇进行了实证研究和分析。第二部分:中心村建设的相关理论问题分析。包括中心村的内涵、功能等。并对中心村建设的理论基础,包括克氏中心地理论、增长极理论、村域空间结构演变理论等进行了分析和阐述,为进一步的研究提供了理论指导。第三部分:丘陵低山区村庄建设现状、特点及问题分析。通过分析,认为当前丘陵低山区村庄建设具有居民点分布散、布局乱;居民点用地规模小、密度大;地形因素影响巨大等三大特点。同时,还存在着用地粗放、人均用地偏大;居民点分布地域差异明显;村建规划滞后,无序建设突出;基础设施不足,公共服务短缺;“空心”现象日益严重等五大问题。为下面进行丘陵低山区中心村空间布局的评价奠定了基础。第四部分:空间布局评价指标体系建立的相关基础问题分析。指出了建立丘陵低山区中心村空间布局评价指标体系的目的,分析了当前我国中心村建设的主要模式,以及影响丘陵低山区村庄空间布局的自然、经济、社会因素,进而提出了丘陵低山区中心村空间布局的原则,为评价指标体系的建立打下了基础。第五部分:空间布局评价指标体系的建立。根据上一章的分析,选取了丘陵低山区中心村空间布局评价的相关指标,确定了各指标的权重,建立起完整的评价指标体系。随后,介绍了相关指标的内涵、量化方法,以及两种评价方法——综合指数评价法和聚类分析评价法的具体操作方法。第六部分:丘陵低山区中心村空间布局评价指标体系的应用前景分析。结合前面所提出的中心村空间布局的几大原则,从评价指标的可操作性(包括数据获取的难易程度、评价指标的可比可量性)、系统完备性、弹性等方面对整个评价指标体系的应用前景进行了分析。第七部分:运用丘陵低山区中心村空间布局评价指标体系进行实证分析与评价。通过实地调查和资料的收集,剖析了重庆市铜梁县蒲吕镇的建设现状和特点。在此基础上,运用该评价指标体系对蒲吕镇各村的综合发展实力进行了评价,通过综合指数评价法和聚类分析评价法各自得出了蒲吕镇的中心村空间布局方案。通过对两套方案的定性及定量验证,并在听取了当地干群的意见之后,最终确定了蒲吕镇中心村空间布局方案,提出了蒲吕镇未来村落发展的战略构想。第八部分:结语。对该评价指标体系的实用性进行了一些总结,提出了运用中应注意的问题,并提出了一些需要进一步探讨的问题。更多还原

【Abstract】 The central village construction is one of the most important component in pushing forward well-to-do society’s all round that brought forward by the Sixteenth National Congress. In March , 2007, in a government report done by Wen Jia Bao, agriculture problem still occupies a very important location in it .In recent years, the expansion of new rural construction of socialism, and the map out of《urban and rural planning law》, having promoted the central village construction, and bring it into a brand-new development stage.The centre village is the main part of rural settlement in the future, and the main peasant life lieu. The planning and construction of central village is not only the objective requirement of promote the rural economy develops, but also is the main means of improve the facilities of rural area, and lessen the difference between the city and country side, improving the production and livelihood levels of peasants. With the advance of New Rural Construction, we can forecast that a climax studying of central village construction would become soon. So, how to choose the central village scientifically, and ascertain the priority of regional development, optimize spatial planning of the centre village, has already become an urgent and important problem.Currently, there are already have many scholars carried out broad researches in the region of central village construction problem at home and abroad, and have got many achievements. But there are also have many problems in those studying. Through counting and analyzing the research method, area and content in relevant study, we find that it have many problems. Such as the insufficiency of theory depth, the lack of demonstration and quantity study, and the research field is not across-the-aboard, and so on. The research of the central village in the future should be focus on two aspects, on the one hand, we should attach importance on structuring the theory model, and perfect the theory system of centre village construction; on the other hand, we should depend on the thorough demonstration and quantify study, strength the investigation research of earlier stage, and the planning and design of the centre village. Through this, it will ensure that the reasonableness prosecution of the centre village construction.Arm at the deficiency of earlier stage research and the lack of demonstration and quantity study in central village research, through microcosmic analysis, and on the base of analysis the theory basis of centre village construction and the status quo of the space distribution of central village in the low hills mountain area, this paper use analytical hierarchy process (AHP) and clustering analysis, establish a set of space distribution appraises index system of central village in the low hills mountain area on the base of the overall develop potential. And analyze the prospect cf this set of index system. In the mean time of study the theory, this paper also use this set of index system to make demonstration study for Pu Lv town in Tong Liang County, have brought forward the plan scheme of space distribution of central village in this town, and analyses the feasibility and scientificalness of this scheme.There are eight parts in this paper, and the main ideas of every part mainly mark as follows:First chapter: Prodrome. This part mainly introduces the background, method, technology route of studying, etc. The background characters of the centre village construction are the expansion of new rural construction of socialism and the stratagem of overall development in urban and rural areas. Strength the researches of space distribution of central village construction could helps perfect the village and small town plan system in our country, push forward the new rural construction of socialism, and lay sound foundations for other works, Such as homestead arranges in rural area, the permutation of land in urban and rural, and so on. The main thought of this research is: first, Analyze the theory basis of central village construction, and the characters of space distribution for central village construction in the low hills mountain area. And then through fact finding, and use clustering analysis and analytical hierarchy process, establish a set of space distribution appraises index system of central village in the low hills mountain area, and analysis the prospect of this set of index system. At last, we use this set of index system to make demonstration study for Pu Lv town in Tong Liang County.Second chapter: Analyses the relevance theory of central village construction. Including the connotations and functions of the central village, and analyzed the theory foundations of central village construction, such as Theorization of Hypocenter, growth pole theory, and the theory of the evolving of the village regional structure. And provide some theory guides for further research.Third chapter: The analyses of status quo, characters and the problems of village construction in the low hills mountain area. Through analyses, we found that in the recent village construction in the low hills mountain area, there have three characters: the residential areas are often scattering apart, the layout is messy; Residential area is small with field scale, while its density is big; Landform factor effect is enormous. In the mean time, there are five problems in the village construction. Such as the rough use of land, per capita field use is slanting big; the difference of Residential area between regions are obvious: The lagging of village construction plan; order less construction; Infrastructural facilities deficiency, and so on. Those analyze laying sound foundations for the further research.Fourth chapter: the analyses of the relevant basis problems for the establish of space distribution appraises index system. This part have pointed out the purpose of this appraises index system, analyses the main patterns of central village construction in the recent years, and the main factors that affected the spatial distribution of central village in the low hills mountain area, and put up some spatial distribution principles for the central village in the low hills mountain area, laying sound foundations for the build-up of the appraises index system.Fifth chapter: The establish of space distribution appraises index system. According to the analysis of previous chapter, this part have chosen the relevance index of space distribution appraises for the low hills mountain area, and ascertained the weight of every index, and established a full set of appraises index system. Later, introduced the method and the connotations of every index, and introduced the operating method this two appraises methods: overall index appraises method and analytical hierarchy process.Sixth chapter: The analysis of the prospect of space distribution appraises index system in low hills mountain area. Combine the spatial distribution principles for the central village in the low hills mountain area, this part analyses the prospect of appraises index system from the aspects of operate ability of the appraise index, the systematic completeness, and the elasticity.Seventh chapter: Apply the space distribution appraises index system of central village in the low hills mountain area for demonstration analysis and estimate. Through the fact finding and the collecting of data, analysis the construction status quo and characters of Pu Lv town in Tong Liang County, Chongqing city. Through this, utilize this appraises index system to appraises the overall develop potential of every villages in Pu Lv town, and through two appraises methods: overall index appraises method and analytical hierarchy process, draw out two set of scheme, after listened to the opinions of local caders and masses, we ultimately brought forward the strategy ideas for the further develops of the village in Pu Lv town.Eighth chapter: Concluding remarks. This part have summed up the practicability of this appraise index system, and put forward some problems that should be paying attentions in the process of utilize. And finally bring out some problems that need to further discussing.更多还原