【作者】 王春华；

【导师】 杨晓红；

【作者基本信息】 西南大学 ， 生态学， 2008， 硕士

【摘要】 丛枝菌根真菌是生态系统中一类重要的土壤微生物,在农田和果园中都有广泛的分布。随着其研究的不断深入,在农业生产中的重要性日趋凸现;尤其是在可持续农业、生态重建和生态平衡的维护以及农林业生产中具有重要的意义和广泛的应用。已被证实,丛枝菌根真菌可增加植物对水分和矿质营养的吸收;促进植物生长;提高作物抗逆性和抗病性;改良土壤;提高苗木移栽成活率;提高产量和改善品质等。研究表明:柑桔对丛枝菌根的依赖性较强。近年来,柑桔产业得到迅猛发展。枳壳作为最佳的砧木之一,已被广泛的应用于柑桔育苗中。本论文以丛枝菌根研究为切入点,围绕枳壳菌根化育苗研究这一中心,力图在柑桔菌根化育苗方面作些探讨和研究。实验1丛枝菌根真菌种间差异对枳壳苗营养生长及矿质含量的影响本实验于2005年3月至2006年5月在西南大学园艺园林学院植物学实验室进行。将丛枝菌根真菌Gigaspora margarita、Glomus mosseae和Glomus versiforme的孢子从用三叶草富集培养的菌剂中挑出,测定其萌发率及孢子含量。用三种丛枝菌根真菌的菌剂(含孢子约80个)接种无菌枳壳实生苗。对照接种灭菌后的相应菌剂,每钵栽培枳壳实生苗6株。移栽120d后,观察丛枝菌根真菌对枳壳实生苗营养生长及矿质含量的影响,并比较种间差异的效应。结果表明:接种丛枝菌根真菌的枳壳幼苗根系均有效地被侵染,与对照相比,能显著促进植株根系和茎叶的生长,对须根的生长促进作用尤为突出;提高了叶片矿质元素N、P、K、Ca、Mg、Zn、Cu和Mn的含量,与对照差异均达到显著水平。3种丛枝菌根真菌种间比较,其效应排序为Glomus mosseae＞Gigaspora margarita＞Glomus versiforme,但叶片矿质元素的含量与生长趋势并不完全一致。丛枝菌根真菌G.mosseae是参试3个菌种中培养枳壳菌根化壮苗的最佳菌种。实验2丛枝菌根真菌接种密度对枳壳苗的效应本实验于2005年3月至2006年5月在西南大学园艺园林学院植物学实验室进行。将丛枝菌根真菌Glomus mosseae的孢子用蔗糖离心法从菌剂中挑出,在1.5%水琼脂平板培养基测定孢子萌发率为90.5%。用4个不同孢子数量分别对枳壳实生苗进行接种,即15个孢子/1000cm~3(记为BM1)、30个孢子/1000cm~3(记为BM2)、45个孢子/1000cm~3(记为BM3)和60个孢子/1000cm~3(记为BM4)。对照不接种。每钵栽培枳壳实生苗6株。移栽120d后观察不同丛枝菌根真菌接种量对枳壳实生苗的效应,结果表明:各处理根系都有效的被浸染。与对照比较,能显著促进植株根系和茎叶的生长;提高了叶片矿质元素N、P、K、Ca、Mg、Zn、Cu和Mn的含量,与对照差异均达到显著水平。几个处理相比较,BM3处理的效果最好,菌根依赖性最大,其效应大小顺序为BM3＞BM4＞BM2＞BM1＞对照。孢子数为45个孢子/1000cm~3时为菌根化育苗的最佳接种量。实验3丛枝菌根真菌对不同栽培密度枳壳苗的效应本实验于2005年5月至2006年5月在西南大学园艺园林学院植物学实验室进行。将丛枝菌根真菌Glomus mosseae的孢子用蔗糖离心法从菌剂中挑出,测定孢子萌发率为90.5%。用30个孢子/1000cm~3的孢子密度对枳壳实生苗进行接种,在盆钵中移栽不同量的枳壳实生苗,分别为3株/钵(记为ZM1)、6株/钵(记为ZM2)、9株/钵(记为ZM3)、12株/钵(记为ZM4)。移栽120d后对对照及各处理的株高、地径、地上部干重、地上部鲜重、地下部干重、地下部鲜重、须根数、须根总长以及植株茎叶的N、P、K、Ca、Mg、Zn、Cu和Mn的含量等项目进行了测定。结果表明:除ZM1处理各项均低于对照外,其余处理根系均有效的被浸染。显著促进了实生苗根系和茎叶的生长;提高了叶片矿质元素N、P、K、Ca、Mg、Zn、Cu和Mn的含量,与对照差异均达到显著水平。几个处理的综合效应相比较,大小顺序为ZM3＞ZM2＞ZM4＞对照＞ZM1。9株/钵为菌根化育苗的枳壳最佳栽培量,此时菌根化育苗的栽培密度为374株/m~2更多还原

【Abstract】 Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi is an important type of edaphon in ecosystem and widely distributes over farmland and saline-alkali soil. It is more important in Agriculture with the development of study on the AMF. AMF be used in sustainable agriculture, ecological building, keep ecological balance and promoted agricuture. The study indicated that inoculation with AMF advanced the growth of host, increased absorption mineral, enhanced salt-tolerance and enhanced development and better quality of fruit. The trifoliate orange is the universal stock of orange. this paper studied the effect of inoctlation with AMF on the trfoliate orange.1 Efects of the Differrent Species of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi on the Vegetative Growth and Mineral Contents in Trifoliate OrangePot experiment was conducted to study the effects of AM fungi Gigaspora margarita, Glomus mosseae and Glomus versiforme on the vegetative growth and mineral contents of trifoliate orange, and the inoculation effects were compared among the three species. The roots of can be colonized efectively by AM fungi. Compared with the control, Inoculation could promote the vegetative growth including the shoots and roots. The improving effected on the root system was significant, especially on the fibrous root. Inoculation with AM fungi also significantly increased the levels of N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Zn, Cu and Mn in seedling leaves. The effect of three species of AM fungi decreased in the following order: Glomus mosseae, Gigaspora margarita and Glomus versiforme. But the mineral contents of leaves did not go all the way the trend of growth. The inoculation effects of Glomus mosseae among three AM fungi on the were best in the vigorous vegetative growth, minaeral absorbability for example N, P, Mg and Cu. Yet the dependency of tfifoliate orange to Gmosseae was strongest compared with the other two species of AM fungi. So, the species of G. mosseae is the best fitting inoculum for mycorrhizal trifoliate orange among the three AM fungi in this experiment.2 Efects of the Differrent Spore Density of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi inTrifoliate Orange SeedlingsPot experiment was conducted to study the effects of Differrent spore density on the vegetative growth and mineral contents of trifoliate, Compared with the control, Inoculation could promote the vegetative growth including the shoots and roots. The improving effected on the root system was significant, especially on the fibrous root. Inoculation with AM fungi also significantly increased the levels of N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Zn, Cu and Mn in seedling leaves. The effect of four density of AM fungi decreased in the following order: 45 spore/m~3>60 spore/m~3>30 spore/m~3>15 spore/m~3>CK. So, the species of 45 spore/m~3 is the best dendity inoculum for mycorrhizal trifoliate orange among the four density in this experiment.3 Efects of the Differrent Host Planting Density on Mycorrhizal Trifoliate Orange SeedlingsPot experiment was conducted to study the effects of Differrent host planting density on the vegetative growth and mineral contents of mycorrhizal trifoliate orange. Compared with the control, Inoculation could promote the vegetative growth including the shoots and roots. The improving effect on the root system was significant, especially on the fibrous root. Inoculation with AM fungi also significantly increased the levels of N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Zn, Cu and Mn in seedling leaves. The effect of four host planting density decreased in the following order: 9 trees/pot>6 trees/pot >12 trees/pot >CK >3 trees/pot. So, the species of 9 trees/pot (374trees/m~2) is the best host planting dendity for mycorrhizal trifoliate orange among the four density in this experiment.更多还原