【作者】 盛晓洒；

【导师】 刁晓明；

【作者基本信息】 西南大学 ， 水产养殖， 2008， 硕士

【摘要】 瓦氏黄颡鱼(Pelteobagrus vachelli Richardosn)隶属于鲇形目,鲿科,黄颡鱼属,俗称黄腊丁,是我国长江上游重要的经济鱼类。本实验研究了瓦氏黄颡鱼卵巢的显微结构、组织中AKP、ACP活性和RNA/DNA比率的周年变化,以探讨瓦氏黄颡鱼的繁殖规律。主要结果归纳如下:1瓦氏黄颡鱼卵巢的生物学特征瓦氏黄颡鱼的性腺系数(GSI)随着卵巢的发育成熟逐渐增加,从4月末开始出现一个急剧增高的趋势,在5月中旬达到最大值15.40%,7月份后,GSI因产完卵急剧下降,8-12月GSI没有显著性的变化。肝脏指数(HSI)在卵巢发育初期呈缓慢增加的趋势,在4月中旬达到3.45%,4月中旬以后,随着卵巢的成熟则逐渐降低,在产卵期降到2.35%。HSI在7月份产完卵后又出现了逐渐上升的趋势,在12月份越冬期达到最大值3.73%。丰满度(F)随着卵巢快速发育在3-5月而出现一个逐渐下降的趋势,在6月份时下降到最小值0.99%,随后逐渐上升,在8月份产完卵后上升到1.32%。瓦氏黄颡鱼的平均卵径在1-4月随卵巢的发育逐渐增加,4月末到5月中旬急剧升高,5-7月间有一个明显的高峰,表明卵母细胞的最后成熟阶段,20.6%卵细胞发育到了第V时相。7月份以后,成熟卵子产出,平均卵径急剧降低。2瓦氏黄颡鱼卵巢发育显微结构瓦氏黄颡鱼卵巢一对,长囊状。通过对瓦氏黄颡鱼卵巢的解剖和组织学切片观察,依其形态结构特征,把卵巢发育分为6个时期,卵母细胞发育分为6个时相。从10月至次年的2月份,卵巢处于第Ⅱ期;3-4月份的卵巢处于第Ⅲ期;4-5月初卵巢处于第Ⅳ卵期;5-7月的卵巢处于第Ⅴ期;8-9月的卵巢处于第Ⅵ期。在第2时相的卵母细胞中出现卵黄核和滤泡细胞;在第3时相的卵母细胞中出现液泡,数目和层数随着卵巢的发育逐渐增加;在第4时相的卵母细胞中充满卵黄颗粒,并出现了受精孔和精孔细胞。3.瓦氏黄颡鱼卵巢发育组织化学研究卵巢中蛋白质的含量随着卵巢发育而逐渐增加,由1月份的97.23±4.05g/ml上升到5月份的最大值131.93±2.66g/ml,6月份开始下降,9月份降到最小值70.19g/ml(),10-12月变化不大。肝脏中蛋白质的含量随着卵巢的发育逐渐增加,至4月中旬达到最大值134.52±1.44 g╱ml,之后到卵巢成熟,出现了下降趋势,在6月份达到最小值75.36±7.98g/ml。卵巢和肝脏中AKP活性随着卵巢发育逐渐升高,在4月中旬分别达到最大值35.21±3.52U/gprot、60.45±7.89U/gprot。卵巢中AKP活性在4月中旬至卵巢成熟时出现下降趋势,在产卵期降到最小值3.66 U/gprot,7至10月间没有显著性变化,11月份开始升高。肝脏中AKP活性在7月末下降到最小值8.37±1.20U/gprot,以后各月AKP活性没有明显变化,在12月份时出现了回升。卵巢和肝脏中ACP活性从1月至4月中旬随着卵巢的发育逐渐升高,在4月中旬达到最大值,分别为56.21±7.66U/gprot和313.67±17.74U/gprot。4月中旬开始急剧下降,在5月中旬产卵时,ACP活性降到最小值,分别为9.50±0.33U/gprot和76.43±3.99U/gprot。卵巢中ACP活性从8月份开始逐渐升高。肝脏中ACP活性从6月份时就开始上升,8月份达到208.90 U/gprot,9-11月份出现了下降,12月份出现回升。从1月到4月末,卵巢中RNA含量从7.72±1.20 mg╱g增加到9.63±1.22mg╱g,然后开始下降,在7月份产完卵后降到最小值2.16mg/g,8月份开始逐渐上升高。卵巢中DNA的含量从1月到3月份呈增加趋势,由0.36±0.05mg/g增加到0.42±0.10mg/g,之后开始下降,在6月份达到最小值0.11±0.05mg/g,7月份后逐渐增加,在10月份达到最大值6.31 mg╱g。卵巢中RNA/DNA比率随着卵巢的发育逐渐增大,在5月中旬卵巢成熟时达到最大值12.71±3.10。6月份开始,RNA/DNA比率开始下降,在8月份时出现上升,10月份以后没有显著性的变化。肝脏中DNA的含量在1月到4月中旬有小幅度的上升,之后开始下降。RNA的含量和RNA╱DNA比率分别从1月份的4.62±0.15mg/g和2.04±0.35上升到5月份的最大值9.24±0.22mg╱g和3.15±0.33,自6月份开始后,都呈现下降趋势,到11月份时有所升高。根据瓦氏黄颡鱼卵巢各月的生物学、显微结构和组织化学的研究表明,4月中旬至5月初为性腺发育旺盛阶段,5月中旬至7月中旬为繁殖季节,8-9月为退化修复期。更多还原

【Abstract】 Pelteobagrus vachelli, which belongs to Silurformes, Bagridae, pelteobagrus, is one important economical fish in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River. In this paper, the micro-structure as well as the annuation discipline of organizational AKP、ACP activities and RNA/DNA ratio were studied for probing into the breeding cycle of Pelteobagrus vachelli.The main results were summarized as follows:1. Biologic character of the ovary of Pelteobagrus vachelliThe ginadoaomatic index (GSI) of Pelteobagrus vachelli was gradually increased with the gonad development, which appeared a rapid heighten trend at the end of April and reached the maximum 15.40% in the mid-May while the GSI declined dramatically after July and had no significant difference from August to December.The hepatopancreas index (HSI) of Pelteobagrus vachelli showed a slowly increasing trend and achieved 3.45% in mid-April. It gradually reduced with the gonad development and dropped to 2.35% in the spawning period and appeared a gradual upward trend after spawning in july and achieved the maximum 3.73% in December.With the gonad development, the fullness (F) appeared a gradual downward trend from March to May and dropped to the minimum 0.99% in June , then gradually increased to 1.32% in August.The average egg diameter of Pelteobagrus vachelli was gradually increased with the gonad development, which occoured a rapid heighten trend from end-April to mid-May. There was an obvious peak from May to July which reflected the final maturing stage of oocyte and 20.6% the oocytes had developed into the fifth phase. After spawning in July, the average egg dimeter dramatically decreased.2. The micro-struture of gonad development of Pelteobagrus vachelli.Pelteobagrus vachelli had a pair of long-sack-type ovaies. its ovarian was divided into six periods and its oocyte divided into six phases by dissecting its ovary and observing its histological slice. The gonad development was in the second period from October to February of next year, the third period from April to May; the fourth period from May to July and the sixth period from Augest to September.Yolk nucleus and follicular cells occurred in the-second-phases oocyte ; vacuole , which number and layers were increasing with the gonad development, occurred in the-thid-phase egg. yelk particles were full of the-fourth-phase oocyte in which the micropyle and the micropyle of cell ocuured.3. Histological studiese on the gonad developmengt of Pelteobagrus vachelliThe protein content in ovary of Pelteobagrus vachelli was gradually increased with the gonad development, which had rased from 97.23±4.05g/ml in January to the maximum 131.93±2.66g/ml in May.It decreased from June and drop to the minimum 70.19 g/ml in September, and then had no variety in the following months. The hepatic protein content of Pelteobagrus vachelli was gradually increased with the ovary development, which had reached to the maximum 134.52±1.44 g/ml in mid-April and started to decline and dropped to the minimum 75.36±7.98g/ml in June.The AKP activities in both ovary and liver of Pelteobagrus vachelli were gradually increased with the ovary development, which reached to the maximum 35.21±2.52U/gprot、60.45±7.89 U/gprot respectively in mid-April. The AKP activity in ovary started to decline from mid-April and dropped to the minimum 3.66U/gpro in spawning time, it had no remarkable difference from July to Octoberr while re-increased in November. The AKP activity liver dropped to the minimum 8.37±1.20 U/gprot in end-July, and then had no obvious change in the following months while re-increased in December.The ACP activities in both ovary and liver of Pelteobagrus vachelli were gradually increased with the ovary development from January to April, which reached to the maximum 56.21±7.66 U/gprot and 313.67±17.74 U/gprot respectively in mid-April. It started to dramatically decrease from mid-April and droped to the minimum 9.50±0.33 U/gprot and 76.43±3.99U/gprot respectively in spawning time. The ACP activity in ovary re-increased in Augest and liver in which rei-ncreased in June reached 208.90 U/gprot in August and declined from September to November, then rised in December.The RNA content of the ovary of Pelteobagrus vachelli had increased from 7.72±1.20 mg/g to 9.63±1.22mg/g from January to the end-April, then started to decline and dropped to the minmum in July and rised from August. It increased from July and reached the maximum 6.31 mg/g .The DNA content of the ovary of Pelteobagrus vachelli had increased from 0.36±0.05mg/g to 0.42±0.10mg/g from January to March, then begined to decline and dropped to the minmum 0.1 l±0.05mg/g in June. The RNA/DNA ratio in ovary was gradually increased with the ovary development, which reached the maximum 12.71±3.10 in the mid-May, it started to decline in June while started to reincrease in Augest and had no significant differences in the following months.The DNA content appeared a mini-raise from January to mid-April and then begun to decline. the RNA content and RNA/DNA ratio raised from 4.62±0.15mg/g and 2.04±0.35 to the maximum 9.24±0.22mg/g and 3.15±0.33 respectively from January to May and showed a downward trends from early June and turned an upword trends from November.According to studying biology, micro-struture and histology of Pelteobagrus vachelli , the results showed that the ovay of Pelteobagrus vachelli was in flourish phase from mid-April to mid-May and the breeding season was between mid-May and mid-July. The degradation and rehabilitation period was from August to September.更多还原