【作者】 黄英；

【导师】 陶林； 崔延强；

【作者基本信息】 西南大学 ， 外国哲学， 2008， 硕士

【摘要】 17世纪英国的哲学家、政治思想家和教育思想家洛克非常重视教育,他继承并发展了培根以来的唯物主义经验论,提出了著名的“白板说”,认为人类之所以千差万别,是由于教育的原因。洛克认为,教育的目的乃是培育一位能使国家繁荣进步的、合乎社会需要的标准绅士,所以他的教育称之为“绅士教育”。在论述教育内容时,洛克首次把教育的三大组成部分,即体育、德育、智育作了明确的区分,并认为这三者中,“德育”乃是首要的关键,认为“良善德行”、“人格”比知识的汲取更为重要;洛克是西方教育史上第一个提出并制定了具有实际意义的绅士健康教育计划的教育家,认为“健康之精神寓于健康之身体”是“人世幸福”;洛克的智育在绅士教育体系中居于次要地位,包括了学问、知识以及技能技艺课业等方面的学习问题,他重视通过学问和知识的学习来培养和发展儿童的思维能力,强调智育的实效性,反对空虚的经院教育思想,在教学方法上,洛克提出要注意儿童的年龄特点,因材施教、由易到难,注意培养儿童的好奇心和求知欲等。这些都是洛克的重大贡献。洛克关于教育问题的论述,反映了当时英国资产阶级发展资本主义事业的强烈要求,具有反封建的进步意义,同时,洛克又是“阶级妥协的产儿”,所以其许多观点都具有两重性。洛克的教育哲学思想虽有一定的局限性,但其道德教育主张、体育保健措施和智育方法等与我国现行基础教育改革的目标、理念和措施等方面有着许多契合之处,对我国现行的基础教育改革有着一定的借鉴意义。更多还原

【Abstract】 Locke, the British philosopher and politician in 17^th century, paid a great attention to education. He inherited and developed the materialistic empiricism since Bacon’s period, coming up with the famous "White Board". He held that mankind was different for education.According to Locke, the purpose of education is to cultivate a standard gentleman that can advance the prosperity of a nation and can meet the needs of society, for which his education is called "a gentleman education". Discussing the contents of education, Locke distinguished the three components of education for the first time, named physical education, moral education and intellectual education. He thought that the moral education was the most important of the three, considering "good moral" and "personality" was more important than deriving knowledge. Locke is the first educationist to put forward and establish the plan of gentleman’s health education in practical sense, which suggests that it is mankind’s happiness that metal health depends on body health. Locke’s intellectual education seems to be secondary in the system of gentleman education, including the learning problems on knowledge and academic skills. He cultivated and developed children’s ideation by emphasizing learning knowledge and timeliness, opposing the unrealistic Scholastic Education. On teaching methodology, Locke proposed that we should pay attention to the children’s age characteristics and teach students in accordance of their aptitude and cultivate children’s curiosity and thirst for knowledge. All of these are Locke’s great contributions.Locke’s discussion on education reflected the British bourgeoisie’s strong desire for developing capitalism, which had anti-feudalism sense. At the same time Locke was born by the class compromises. Therefore, his many viewpoints had dual characters. Although Locke’s e philosophy of education had some limits, his moral education, physical education safeguard measures and intellectual education method agree with the purpose, concept and measures of the current Basic Education Reform, which has some reference significance to the current Basic Education Reform.更多还原