【作者】 蔡秋萍；

【导师】 周安平；

【作者基本信息】 西南大学 ， 民商法， 2008， 硕士

【摘要】 “无传播就无权利”这一论断目前在著作权领域已达成了共识。包括著作权在内的整个知识产权制度都是科学技术与商品经济发展的产物,基于科技革命而生,缘于科技革命而变。特别是现代网络技术的发展对著作权的影响是前所未有的,主要体现为著作权的扩张。著作权的扩张体现在多个方面,主要包括:主体的扩张,从著作权制度建立之初的作者与图书出版商到后来的录音录像制作者、广播电视制作者、数字作品制作者等;客体的增多,新的传播技术的发展,产生了新的作品表现形式,扩大了著作权的保护范围,如对计算机软件、数据库的保护:内容的扩张,世界上第一部著作权法《安娜法典》明确规定了著作权的唯一权能即复制权逐渐扩展到后来的数十种权利类型。导致著作权扩张的原因是多重的,传播技术的发展是著作权扩张的直接也是主要原因,这些因素为著作权扩张提供了一定的正当性,适应社会经济发展的需求。但我们也不能忽视其所带来的负面影响,著作权的扩张限制了社会公众对信息作品的接近;影响了后续作品的再创作等问题不得不引起我们的反思。为了对著作权进行适度、合理的保护,实现著作权法的终极目标,我们必须对著作权采取一定的限制措施。文学、科学和艺术作品既是作者人格和愿望的一种表现形式,又是社会劳动和个人劳动相结合的产物,为了尽可能广泛地传播作品,丰富人们的精神生活,促进整个社会文化事业的发展,应对著作权进行必要的限制。著作权的限制是实现著作权法目的的基本制度设计,在传统环境下对著作权采取的限制制度一般包括合理使用制度、法定许可制度、强制许可制度等。但是随着科学技术的发展,一些原本在模拟环境下可以合理使用的作品在网络空间已不再合理,为了充分保护著作权人的利益,对著作权的限制制度采取了一定的反限制措施,目前国际上通行的做法有征收复印税、录制版税来限制公众的合理使用,采取一定的技术措施限制公众对作品的接近、使用,利用权利管理信息的添加限制了社会公众对作品的随意使用等等。著作权的扩张、限制、反限制均是在特有的社会环境下著作权发展的不同表现形式,但它们同时又受著作权永恒的主题——利益平衡这根主线的牵制,著作权的发展始终围绕这根主线上下波动。著作权是基于作者从无到有创作了最初的作品这样一种事实而产生的。作者是作品赖以产生的源泉,不尊重创作,不维护作者利益,就会窒息作者的创作激情,就会使文化事业成为无源之水,从而最终损害了公共利益。但著作权的终极目标是促进作品的传播,促进文化事业的发展,因此创设了著作权的公共领域,公共领域的创制是著作权法主张的平衡私人利益和公共利益的关键。在著作权领域内,作者、传播者和使用者是著作权法律关系中最重要也是最基本的主体,他们的利益主张显然是不同的,作者希望控制作品获得最大化利益,并通过保护作品的完整性维护自己的声誉;对于传播者来说,收回传播作品的投资并获利是其首要考虑,基于这一目的,传播者也主张控制作品的市场流转;就使用者来说,他们当然希望最大限度的使用作品。如何有效地处理这三者之间的关系,特别是作者与社会公众二者之间的关系是著作权法中最基本的理论问题,也是解决著作权法利益平衡的关键。更多还原

【Abstract】 "No disseminating no right" this thesis have achieved a consensus in copyright field at present. Intellectual property is the product of technology and commodity economy, including copyright of course, it is coming into being and changing the technological revolution. Specially, the influence by networking is unprecedented.The expansion manifests in many aspects, mainly including subject, object and content. At the beginning, the subject is restricted in the author and the publisher, along with the development of the dissemination technology, the recording video maker, the broadcast television maker, the digital maker and so on have integrated in. The new dissemination technology has new manifestation, expanded the extent of protection, for example the software, the database. The <Anna Statute book> had stipulated the copy right explicitly, it’s the only one right, and then there be more and more. The reason of expansion is multiple; the immediate and primary one is the development of the dissemination technology. These reasons have provided certain validity for copyright expansion, it is seasoned with the demand of the socio-economic, but we can not neglect the negative influence which it brings, it limit the public proximity the work; it has affected the following creation and so on, we must consider these questions. In order to keeping moderate and reasonable, achieving the ultimate objective, we must take some restrictive measure.Literature, science and artistic work are not only one kind of manifestation of the author’s personality and desire, but also they are the unify product which the social labor and the personal labor, to disseminate these works widely as far as possible, rich people’s spiritual life, promote the entire society cultural, we should carry on some essential limitative measure. The limit measure is a basic system to come true the copyright law goal, includes the reasonable use system, the statutory system, the obligatory license system and so on generally under the traditional environment. But along with the development of the technology, some works which may be used reasonably under the traditional environment become unreasonably again in the cyberspace, to protect author’s benefit fully, we should take certain opposition to restriction measure, At present, the general procedure are collect photocopying, record tax to limit the reasonable use for the public, adopt certain technical measure limit public close, use the work, using the right management information’s increase to work optional use and so on.The expansion, restriction, oppose to restriction of copyright are different manifestations under the unique environment in the process of the copyright development. But at the same time they are held down by the copyright’s eternal subject- -benefit balance, copyright is fluctuating at this line high and low to maintain dynamical equilibrium. The copyright grows out of author’s creation. The author is the fountainhead of the work, if we don’t respect creation, don’t maintain the author’s benefit, that will suffocate author’s enthusiasm, thus will harm the public interest finally. But the ultimate objective of copyright is promoting the dissemination of work, development of cultural, therefore the copyright establish public domain, it’s the key to balance private and public. The author, the disseminator and the user are the most important and basic subject in copyright domain, they take different rights, undertake different duties, their position is obviously opposite. The authors hope that they can control their work to obtain the maximize benefit, and defend own prestige through the protection work’s integrity. Regard to the disseminator, to take back their investment and make profit is the most important consideration, based on this, the disseminator also advocates control the market. To the user, they hope to use work maximum. How to process the relations among them effectively specially between the author and the public is the most basic theory question of the copyright law, also it’s the key to solve the copyright law benefit balanced.更多还原