【作者】 孟庆娟；

【导师】 孙振东；

【作者基本信息】 西南大学 ， 教育学原理， 2008， 硕士

【摘要】 文化问题是民族教育研究的基础问题.当前一些学者在民族教育的发展上却有过分单一地强调文化因素的倾向,具体表现在主张建立适应单一民族文化的民族特色学校.而实际上,教育不仅受文化的影响,还更多的受到政治、经济、科技发展水平、人口、地理环境等多种因素的制约。在民族杂居区,即使一味地着重考虑到文化的重要影响,这种文化也不再是单一的民族文化,而是不断发展和交融的多元文化。在实际生活中,单一民族学校也面临着困境,其实已名存实亡.因此,在民族杂居区办教育不应该只注重各民族的单一民族性,片面强调民族特色,而应从整体上认识该地区的特征并建立多民族一体化学校,使教育适应该地区的经济、文化、社会发展需要,促进该地区乃至整个社会的发展。在强调民族杂居区建立多民族一体化学校之必然性的同时,也要处理好单一民族文化传承的问题。在多民族一体化学校中,学校课程可以以多元一体文化的形态由各民族学生来接受和传承,不必担心民族文化的侵蚀或消亡问题。针对目前面临的民族传统文化不断流失和失真、民族文化传承流于形式和民族文化传承途径单一等问题,多民族一体化学校也要作出回应.对于一些具有特色的优秀民族文化,应该将其作为学校教育内容的一部分,并使之与现代精神相结合,在学校中进行传承,同时避免单纯将某一民族的传统文化仅限于传授给本民族的学生。在教学上要坚持与宗教分离的原则,注意协调地域性、民族性与统一性之间的关系,让学生从小就培养起热爱乡土、国家和各民族优秀传统文化的意识。在师资培训上要构建与重建教师的角色意识、拓宽教师的文化视野,以提高教师的多元文化教学和运作能力.在传承途径上充分发挥家庭教育和社区教育的积极作用,为传承和拓展民族文化提供再生场所。最后,学习和了解世界上其它一些多文化或多民族国家在民族、文化与教育问题上提出的有关理论和操作方法也是必不可少的。更多还原

【Abstract】 Cultural problems are basic problems in ethnic education studies. In recent years, many scholars tend to over-emphasize the cultural factors in the development of ethnic education and advocate establishing monoethnic schools to meet monoethnic culture. In fact, besides the influence of culture, education is even more prescribed by many factors including politics, economy, development of science and technology, population and geographical environment. In a multi-ethnic community, even if we just put our stress on the cultural influence, we can treat it with an increasingly developing and blending multi-cultural perspective rather than an old-fashioned monoethnic one. As we know, these monoethnic schools are facing great difficulties or actually exist only in name. Therefore, developing education in a multi-ethnic region should not only put an emphasis on the uniqueness of monoethnic speciality but also realize the region with an overall view and establish the integrated multi-ethnic schools to meet the increasing need of economic, cultural and social development and promote the all-round development in a region or even the whole country.When we lay emphasis on the inevitability of establishing the integrated multi-ethnic schools, it is very necessary for us to handle the inheritance of ethnic culture. Through investigating, we insisit that ethnic culture should be entirely accepted and passed on in the shape of multi-cultural integration among ethnic students, not having to worry about the erosion or disappearance of ethnic culture. With the loss and distortion of ethnic traditional culture, formalism and singleness of the inheritance of ethnic culture, the integrated multi-ethnic schools need to take several targeted countermeasures.Special and excellent ethnic culture should be included in the school curriculums and be integrated with modern spirits and inherited in school education, avoiding imparting only the traditional cultural knowledge of monoethnic groups to the students. Cultural teaching should focus on the principles of separation with religions, carefully harmonize the relationship of localism, nationalism and unification, to cultivate their sense of loving the homeland, nation and the refined traditional culture of all ethnic groups. In teacher training, we should build and reconstruct teachers’ role sense, broaden teachers’ cultural horizons, to enhance their multi-cultural teaching and operational capacity. In the channels of inheriting ethnic culture, family education and community education should play a positive role as well. Finally, it is helpful to learning and knowing how the other multi-ethnic and multi-cultural countries theorize and manipulate on th ethnic, cultural and educational problems.更多还原