【作者】 辛占强；

【导师】 么加利；

【作者基本信息】 西南大学 ， 教育学原理， 2008， 硕士

【摘要】 自1999年我国义务教育阶段新课程改革启动开始,改革经历了论证——实验——推广等阶段。此次基础教育新课程改革的基本理念之一是统整学生的生活世界和科学世界,目的是培养完整的人。具体到西南民族地区,就是要培养“现代的民族人”,它包括两层含义:其一,学生必须接受具有现代文明的科学知识,使其适应当今社会生活;其二,学生必须具备本民族本区域内特有的文化及生存知识与技能,使其适应本民族特有的生活场域。苗族是一个人口众多并且具有悠久历史的少数民族,原主要居住于黄河中下游和长江流域。后因战争等原因迁徙至长江中上游和广大西南地区,目前主要分布在湘、川、黔三省。悠久的历史、特殊的生活环境及其在历史上多次长途迁徙使苗族人民具备了底蕴深厚具有巨大教育价值的民族智慧。这些民族智慧是每个苗族人生存必须具备的素质,所以理应是此次基础教育课程改革深入挖掘的内容。笔者以民族村民族小学为调研对象,发现现实情况并非如此,它的问题主要表现在以下几个方面:第一,基础教育课程改革中地方性知识缺乏应有的关照;第二,基础教育课程改革中所融入的本民族知识丰富性的缺失;第三,新课程建构过程中民族文化融入的浅层次性。究其原因,主要有教育工作者对基础教育含义理解的偏差、民族人的文化自卑、教师有知识而无智慧、家庭教育与学校教育难以形成教育合力等因素所致。要解决这些问题,笔者认为可以通过以下途径进行:对基础教育概念的重新解释、强化文化平等、提高教师教学智慧、融通家庭教育与学校教育两大教育系统及大力开发校本课程等。更多还原

【Abstract】 Since 1999, China’s reform of the compulsory education comes into a new stage, the reform has experienced demonstration - experiment - the promotion stage. One basic concept of the elementary education new curriculum reforms is integration of students’ living world and the scientific world, purpose is to develop their integrity. Specific to the southwest multi-national area, it is train them to be "the modern national person", which includes two meanings: First, students must be accepted with the scientific knowledge of modern civilization, and to adapt them to today’s social life; Second, the students must have the nation unique to the region’s culture and survival knowledge and skills, and to adapt them to this unique national life field. The Miao minority is a nationality with long history and has a large population, once mainly living in the middle of the Yellow River and lower reaches of Yangtze River valley, then because of the war they migrated to the upper reaches of the Yangtze River and the vast majority of the southwestern region, at present mainly distributes in Hunan, Sichuan, Guizhou Province. A long history, a special living environment and many times long-distance migration in the history contribute to the Miao people’s culture, which has a tremendous educational value of the national wisdom. These national wisdoms are the qualities which each Miao nationality person should own for survive, therefore should be the content which this elementary education curriculum reforms referred in. The author takes the village elementary school of miao as the investigation and study object, discovering the realistic situation is opposite. The main problems are as following: first, basic education curriculum reform pays inadequate attention to of local knowledge; second, basic education curriculum reform lacks of the integration of the miao minority knowledge; Third, the new curriculum constructs the shallow level in the construction process of the national culture. The reasons lead to these problems are as following: the educators deviant understanding of the meaning of basic education, culture inferiority of minorities, the teacher has the knowledge without wisdom and family education and school education is difficult to join together. To solve these problems, I think we can take the following ways: A re-interpretation of compulsory education, strengthen cultural level, improve teachers’ teaching wisdom, integrate family education and school education and develop school-based courses.更多还原