【作者】 范正勇；

【导师】 蒋立松；

【作者基本信息】 西南大学 ， 民族教育学， 2008， 硕士

【摘要】 每一种文化都是人类和自然相互作用的结果,后溪土家族地区独特的自然环境,造就了独特的生产生活方式。土家族产生于部族迁徙的背景,在逐步发展过程中,直接面对着自身民族文化的创造与异质文化的碰撞、转化与融合。除了表现在生活习惯、语言、服饰等方面之外,还表现在实质空间——村寨及住居型制的营造上。土家族民居以吊脚楼为主要居住形式,作为一种文化载体,它反映着人们的物质文化生活。以往对民居的研究侧重于建筑学、美学、生态学等方面,较少透过土家族历史的纵向发展和民居所处的自然环境、社会文化背景来研究,使研究陷入静态的描述与分析之中,很难了解传统民居风格形成的原因及其影响因素,也很难弄清民居发展的脉络,揭示它的发展规律。田野调查的研究受限于调查对象的庞杂,无法建立完整的资料,很难上升到理论分析的高度。为此,本研究选取民族传统文化保存较为完好的后溪村寨作为调查区域。通过住居式田野考察,以解构土家族民居为出发点,致力于对民居背后的文化现象,包涵人与自然、人与环境以及人与人之间关系构成的取向、行为习俗和道德规范的取向、审美观和审美行为取向等的研究。从具体形式(选址、选材、建造流程等方面)对民居中蕴涵的传统科技进行系统全面的分析,研究传统科技思想是如何沉淀在人们心灵深处并对人们日常活动和思想意识产生影响的,找到传统科技与现代科技的契合点和适合本民族发展的道路,在一定程度上丰富西南少数民族研究中关于民族传统科技的有关内容,拓展民居的研究领域,以期对前人研究有所突破。通过对土家民居的分析研究,得出结论:1.土家民居中蕴涵着丰富的民族传统科技。2.土家地区独特的生产生活方式造就了独特的民族文化和教育模式。3.民族传统科技在本质上是一种理性文化,缘于理性,人们借助于各种严密的逻辑推理能力获得了关于自然界发展规律的真理性科技知识。4.实践理性是教育产生的根源,教育是一个长期的过程,这个过程使教育同整个民族的文化发展紧密地结合在一起。5.不同的文化具有不同的内涵和价值追求,文化使得教育呈现多种形态和不同的教育途径,教育的发生是多元途径的。6.传统科技思想的传承是在特定的文化背景中发生的,其价值为教育生存的多种可能性以及人的成长和发展提供了证明。这一研究结果让我们更为全面的认识土家民居,它拓展了新的教育资源、呈现了不同于学校教育的教育模式,对于深刻认识文化的多元性与教育的多样化形态等方面有着启示作用。更多还原

【Abstract】 Every culture is the interaction results between human beings and nature, Tujia, its unique natural environment, creates unique production and lifestyle.Tujia, comes from a tribal movement, in the course of progressive development, directly faced the creation of their own national culture and foreign culture collision, transformation and integration. Apart from the performance in living habits, language, clothing, and other things, the technological thought also reflected in the real space - the village houses and creating shapes. Tujia takes Diaojiao Building as the main residential areas of residence, as a cultural phenomenon, it reflects people’s material cultural life.Previous studies have focused on the residential areas of architecture, aesthetics, ecology, etc. and less studied through the history of vertical development and residential areas where the natural environment, social and cultural background, Tujia, make the research be in the static description and analysis, difficult to understand the style of traditional houses and the reasons for the formation of influencing factors, also difficult to identify the sequence of residential development, and reveals the development rule of it. Fieldwork is limited to the investigation of complex object, unable to establish complete information, and can hardly rise to a high degree of theoretical analysis.Owing to this, the study selected a national traditional culture preservation of the integrity of HouXi to study. Through the housing -likely field inspection, deconstruction to residents as the starting point of Tujia, focuses on the research of the cultural phenomenon behind the houses, including people and the environment, as well as people-to-people relationship between the direction of man and nature、customs and ethical conduct orientation、aesthetics and aesthetic orientation, analyze the traditional technology comprehensively from the concrete form (site selection, construction processes, etc.).contained on residential areas, study how the traditional thought lives in the bottom of people’s heart, and how influence people’s day-to-day activities and the impact of ideology, find traditional technology and modern science and technology, and the affinity for the development of the national road, to a certain extent, enrich southwest on the ethnic minorities in the study of the content of traditional technology, Expanding residential areas of research, so that we can make a breakthrough of the past.Based on the analysis of Tujia residential home, the thesis came to those conclusions as follows. Firstly, Tujia residential areas are rich in traditional national science and technology. Secondly, Tujia, its unique production created a unique way of life and culture education model. Thirdly, national traditional technology, in essence, is a rational culture, due to rationality; people obtain scientific and technological knowledge about nature through various logical and reasoning ways. Fourthly, practical Reason is the root of education, Education is a long-term process, and this process makes education the cultural development of the entire nation be closer together. Fifthly, different cultures have different meanings and value pursuit; Culture makes education has many forms and different ways of education, Education is the occurrence of multiple pathways. Sixthly, the passing traditional technological though occurs in the specific context of the culture, and its value proved the possibility of the survival of a variety of human growth as well as man’s growth and development.The results make us comprehensively understand Tujia residential home. And it developed the new education resources, discovered new education pattern, which was different from the school education, regarding profound understanding Multi-dimensional culture and Multi -education and has the enlightenment function.更多还原