ASTER影像绝对定位模型研究

【作者】 李柏鹏；

【导师】 燕琴；

【作者基本信息】 中国测绘科学研究院 ， 摄影测量与遥感， 2008， 硕士

【摘要】 影像定位技术是摄影测量学的核心理论基础之一,是实现从影像坐标到地面坐标转化的关键环节。对遥感图像的应用而言,确定目标位置是非常重要的。目标的位置参数在空间遥感中是一个基本的信息量,它是地形测绘、灾害监测、资源普查、变化检测等遥感应用的基础信息。如何对遥感图像进行精确定位及从遥感图像获取地面三维信息一直是遥感研究的重点和热点。在沙漠、高寒、极地、海洋、境外等地区由于地面特征不明显,人员无法到达等原因很难实施地面控制测量,研究如何对这些地区的遥感影像建立无地面控制点的定位模型,从而进行影像定位具有重要的意义。ASTER影像具有较高的地面分辨率,能在可见光、近红外、短波红外、热红外的光谱范围间的14个通道成像,并且具有立体观测能力,因此ASTER影像具有广泛的用途,能用于陆地、海洋、冰川、大气等方面的研究。本文建立了ASTER影像的定位模型,并以此模型为基础进行了ASTER影像定位误差的定量分析,实现了在没有控制点和稀少(小于4个)控制点的情况下对ASTER L-1A级影像进行定位,从而解决了困难地区ASTER影像的定位问题。本文主要研究内容为以下几部分:1.ASTER影像数据解析解析ASTER数据的结构,研究如何正确读取卫星的位置、速度、时间、姿态角、姿态变化率等数据,并研究这些数据的变化规律。2.建立影像的定位模型根据对影像数据的分析结果建立适合于ASTER影像的定位模型。建立了3种定位模型:基于元数据的快速定位模型,基于卫星轨道和姿态的绝对定位模型,双像立体定位模型。3.影像定位试验与分析在建立定位模型的基础上,对原始影像进行定位。分析各种定位模型的定位误差,通过分析,给出一种适合于ASTER影像定位的模型。4.总结与展望总结分析研究成果,并针对研究中出现的问题,提出以后的研究方向。研究中用IDL语言编程,利用建立的模型实现对ASTER L-1A影像稀少控制点的定位。更多还原

【Abstract】 Image geolocation technology is the core methodology of photogrammetry, and is the key step of coordinate transformation from image coordinate system to earth coordinate system.The geolocation is very important for the application of remote sensing image, because the positional parameters are basic information in the applications of remote sensing such as mapping and surveying, disaster monitoring, resource exploring, changing detecting and so on.The precise geolocation of remote sensing image and extracting 3-dimension terrain information from remote sensing image are hot and important topics in the research on remote sensing.It is difficulty to acquire GCPs in some areas such as desert, alpine, polar region, sea and oversea areas for the terrain characters are undistinguishable or the areas are unreachable for humanbeings.So researchs on geolocation of remote sensing image in those areas under lack of GCPs are becoming an urgent task.ASTER consists of three different subsystems: the Visible and Near-infrared (VNIR) has three bands with a spatial resolution of 15 m, and an additional backward telescope for stereo; the Shortwave Infrared (SWIR) has 6 bands with a spatial resolution of 30 m; and the Thermal Infrared (TIR) has 5 bands with a spatial resolution of 90 m.ASTER image can be applied in many domains such as land, sea, glacier, atmosphere and so on.The Geolocation model of ASTER image was established in this paper, and the geolocation error analysis was implemented based on the geolocation model.The best geolocation method was presented to georeference the ASTER Level 1A image in difficulty area under lack of GCPs.This paper is composed by the following parts:1.Interpretion of ASTER data.Analyze the data structure of ASTER data, give the method of reading the satellite position, velocity, time, attitude angle, attitude rate, then research into the changing rule of those data.2.Establish the geolocation model.Three geolocation models were established based on the data character of ASTER:1) the quick geolocation model based on ASTER metadata, 2) the geolocation modal based on satellite orbit and attitude, 3) the stereopair geolocation model.3.Geolocation experiment and error analysis.Geolocate the ASTER Level 1A image using the geolocation model established in portion 2, and analyze the geolocation error for each model, then present the best geolocaiton model for the georefrence of ASTER data.4.Summarization and discussing.Summarize and analyze the research result, and discuss the direction of future research.The IDL( Interactive Data Language) programming language was used in the research.更多还原