国际关系中的“数字鸿沟”问题评析

【作者】 房斌；

【导师】 王慧媞；

【作者基本信息】 山东师范大学 ， 国际关系， 2008， 硕士

【摘要】 20世纪90年代以来,信息技术在全球范围内迅速发展,并逐渐深入到人类社会生活的各个领域。信息设施已成为人类生活必不可少的基本工具,信息知识成为各国教育的基本内容,信息实力也成为衡量国家综合实力的主要指标之一,人类的日常生活已经离不开信息技术。但是由于各种原因的综合作用,信息技术的发展和普及也并不是整齐划一的,导致数字鸿沟逐渐显现,并对国际关系产生了重要影响,为我们提供了新的研究课题。本文以国际大环境为背景,以新的视角探析数字鸿沟的起源、形成原因及其对国际关系的影响,并探求填平数字鸿沟的对策。本文旨在通过对这种成因、影响及对策的具体分析,一方面能够在理论上对数字鸿沟进行较为全面的诠释;另一方面希望能够为消除数字鸿沟提供一些策略方面的参考。全文共分为四个部分:第一部分简要阐明数字鸿沟的概念。数字鸿沟根源于信息技术水平的不同。主要是指在全球数字化进程中,不同国家、地区、行业、企业、人群之间由于对信息技术的发展、应用程度不同以及创新能力的差别造成的“信息落差”、“知识分隔”和“贫富分化”问题。第二部分对数字鸿沟的表现形式和形成原因进行较为详细的介绍。不同国家、语种、民族、性别及年龄的人对信息技术的掌握程度不同,造成了五种常见的数字鸿沟。形成这些鸿沟的主要原因是由于经济实力的悬殊、技术能力的差距、知识水平的落差以及制度政策的不同。第三部分深入分析了数字鸿沟对国际关系的影响。随着数字鸿沟的出现,国际社会也发生了新的变化,无论政治、经济、文化还是军事等方面都表现出强者愈强、弱者愈弱的“马太效应”。其对国际关系的主要影响表现在:使国际力量重新组合,使各国经济差距日益拉大,使国家安全面临新挑战,以及使发达国家的文化霸权逐渐加强。第四部分着重探讨了消弥数字鸿沟的几点对策。巨大的信息差距已经引起国际社会的普遍重视。广大发展中国家纷纷采取了各种有效的措施来缩小数字鸿沟,主要包括:增强经济实力,打好坚实基础;提高认知水平和信息素养;还要大力发展信息产业,加强信息高速公路建设;以及联合斗争,反对信息霸权,维护自身利益。本文运用的研究方法主要有:(1)理论分析与历史分析相结合的方法;(2)规范分析与实证分析相结合的方法;(3)比较与归纳相结合的方法;(4)静态分析与动态分析相结合的方法。上述各种方法交叉使用,以便对不同的问题进行不同方法的透视与分析。更多还原

【Abstract】 Since 1990’s, on a global scale prompt development of Information Technology, goes deep into each fields of human society gradually. Information facilities already becomes the essential fundamental implement of human life, information knowledge becomes the fundamental content educating in every country , information strength also becomes one of the leading indicator judging synthetical strength of country , human being’s daily life already can’t be separated from IT. But because of various cause effect, development of IT draws popularizing also being really not neat and uniform, have led to digital divide appear gradually, have produced and important effect to international relations, have been that we have provided new research problem. And the main body of this thesis takes international overall situation as background, analyzing the digital divide’s origin, form causes and their impacts on international relation with new views, seeking the countermeasure of eliminating digital divide. One aspect, this thesis aims to provide one kind of new cognition of Digital Divide by analyzing the cause of formation, effect and countermeasure. The other aspect hopes the reference being able to provide a little tactics aspect to closing digital divide. The thesis is divided into 4 parts:Part I is brief concept of digital divide. The main cause of the Digital Divide is the different ability of IT. Different country, area, industry, enterprise and people have different ability of IT. So there is a Digital Divide among them.Part II carries out comparatively detailed introduction on digital divide manifestation and cause taking form. There are 5 kind of Digital Divide. The main causes are that: different economic situation, different ability of technology, different knowledge level and different system and policy.Part III has analyzed an impact of digital divide over international relations in depth. With the appearance of the Digital Divide, the international society has changed. There is a“Matthew effect”in politics, economics, militaries and cultures. The main effects on international relations are that: it recombines the international power, makes the gap of economic among different countries larger, brings the new challenge for the national security, and makes the developed countries’cultures become the leaders.Part IV discusses several countermeasures making digital divide completely go away. Almost all of the countries have pay attention to the big divide. The developing countries have attempted several methods to close the Digital Divide. For example, they can improve their education level, make suitable policy, develop IT industry and so on.The research approach in this text uses has mainly: (1)the method to combine together in theory analysis and history; (2)The method to combine together on standardize analysis and real example analysis; (3)Compare and sum up the method to combine together; (4)Dynamic and static analysis will be combined in the mode. Various kinds of above-mentioned methods are used alternately, in order to carry on the perceptivity and analysis of different methods to different problem.更多还原