【作者】 廖行；

【导师】 王百田；

【作者基本信息】 北京林业大学 ， 生态环境工程， 2008， 硕士

【摘要】 在干旱半干旱地区,发展林业只能依靠天然降雨,水分是影响造林成活率、限制林木生长的关键因子。本研究针对该类地区人工造林成活率低,水分供应不足等特点,在田间和温室两种环境下,通过埋土和醮根两种方式在苗木栽植前施用不同浓度的保水剂与其他外源物质,来研究不同浓度处理下的苗木生长情况和土壤改良情况,为在该类地区使用保水剂与外源物质来提高林木的水分利用率、成活率和保存率,进而改善人工林的营建提供理论依据。本论文以刺槐和核桃的盆栽苗木为研究对象,在2007年5月~9月观测两种方式不同浓度处理下苗木的生长、生理和土壤理化性质等指标,探讨最适合促进苗木生长的保水剂与外源物质施用浓度。研究结果表明,经过外源物质处理的苗木生长情况比未经处理的对照苗木生长较好。田间造林试验中,刺槐和核桃分别在A2(保水剂/0.5‰+ IBA/50ppm+ NAA/50ppm+ GA/50ppm+硝酸稀土/50mg/l)和A1(保水剂/0.1‰+ IBA/30ppm+ NAA/30ppm+ GA/30ppm+硝酸稀土/20mg/l)处理下株高生长最快,A3(保水剂/1.5‰+ IBA/80ppm+ NAA/80ppm+ GA/80ppm+硝酸稀土/80mg/l)和A2(保水剂/0.5‰+ IBA/50ppm+ NAA/50ppm+ GA/50ppm+硝酸稀土/50mg/l)处理下地径生长最快。温室模拟试验中,刺槐和核桃分别在B3(保水剂/15g+黄腐酸/1.5g+尿素/1.2g+磷酸二铵/0.9g+过磷酸钙/0.6g+硫酸钾/0.6g+稀土/1.5g)、C3(保水剂/7.5g+黄腐酸/1.5g+ NAA/0.4g+ IAA/0.15g+ IBA/0.3g+稀土/0.6g+赤霉素/0.3g)和B4(保水剂/20g+黄腐酸/2g+尿素/1.6g+磷酸二铵/1.2g+过磷酸钙/0.8g+硫酸钾/0.8g+稀土/2g)、C3(保水剂/7.5g+黄腐酸/1.5g+ NAA/0.4g+ IAA/0.15g+ IBA/0.3g+稀土/0.6g+赤霉素/0.3g)处理下株高生长最快,B4(保水剂/20g+黄腐酸/2g+尿素/1.6g+磷酸二铵/1.2g+过磷酸钙/0.8g+硫酸钾/0.8g+稀土/2g)、C3(保水剂/7.5g+黄腐酸/1.5g+ NAA/0.4g+ IAA/0.15g+ IBA/0.3g+稀土/0.6g+赤霉素/0.3g)和B4(保水剂/20g+黄腐酸/2g+尿素/1.6g+磷酸二铵/1.2g+过磷酸钙/0.8g+硫酸钾/0.8g+稀土/2g)、C3(保水剂/7.5g+黄腐酸/1.5g+ NAA/0.4g+ IAA/0.15g+ IBA/0.3g+稀土/0.6g+赤霉素/0.3g)处理下地径生长最快。叶面积的生长量两树种均在B4(保水剂/20g+黄腐酸/2g+尿素/1.6g+磷酸二铵/1.2g+过磷酸钙/0.8g+硫酸钾/0.8g+稀土/2g)、C3(保水剂/7.5g+黄腐酸/1.5g+ NAA/0.4g+ IAA/0.15g+ IBA/0.3g+稀土/0.6g+赤霉素/0.3g)处理下增加最快。说明施用适宜浓度的保水剂与外源物质能够有效促进苗木生长。由于保水剂与外源物质的施入,改变了土壤的供水方式,使得苗木光合速率和叶水势日变化曲线比较缓和,从而提高了水分利用效率和水分生产效率。刺槐和核桃分别在B4(保水剂/20g+黄腐酸/2g+尿素/1.6g+磷酸二铵/1.2g+过磷酸钙/0.8g+硫酸钾/0.8g+稀土/2g)、C4(保水剂/10g+黄腐酸/2g+ NAA/0.5g+ IAA/0.2g+ IBA/0.4g+稀土/0.8g+赤霉素/0.4g)和B4(保水剂/20g+黄腐酸/2g+尿素/1.6g+磷酸二铵/1.2g+过磷酸钙/0.8g+硫酸钾/0.8g+稀土/2g)、C3(保水剂/7.5g+黄腐酸/1.5g+ NAA/0.4g+ IAA/0.15g+ IBA/0.3g+稀土/0.6g+赤霉素/0.3g)浓度处理下蒸腾速率较高、气孔阻力较小。两种方式处理下B4(保水剂/20g+黄腐酸/2g+尿素/1.6g+磷酸二铵/1.2g+过磷酸钙/0.8g+硫酸钾/0.8g+稀土/2g)和C3(保水剂/7.5g+黄腐酸/1.5g+ NAA/0.4g+ IAA/0.15g+ IBA/0.3g+稀土/0.6g+赤霉素/0.3g)浓度处理的苗木生长季日耗水量相对较高。施用保水剂与外源物质处理的苗木的存活时间明显高于对照苗木,B4(保水剂/20g+黄腐酸/2g+尿素/1.6g+磷酸二铵/1.2g+过磷酸钙/0.8g+硫酸钾/0.8g+稀土/2g)浓度和C3(保水剂/7.5g+黄腐酸/1.5g+ NAA/0.4g+ IAA/0.15g+ IBA/0.3g+稀土/0.6g+赤霉素/0.3g)浓度处理下苗木的存活时间分别达到了39天和42天。保水剂与外源物质的施入对土壤的PH值影响很小,不会从根本上改变土壤的盐化程度,能够明显增加土壤的全N含量和土壤有机质的含量,B3(保水剂/15g+黄腐酸/1.5g+尿素/1.2g+磷酸二铵/0.9g+过磷酸钙/0.6g+硫酸钾/0.6g+稀土/1.5g)、B4(保水剂/20g+黄腐酸/2g+尿素/1.6g+磷酸二铵/1.2g+过磷酸钙/0.8g+硫酸钾/0.8g+稀土/2g)和C3(保水剂/7.5g+黄腐酸/1.5g+ NAA/0.4g+ IAA/0.15g+ IBA/0.3g+稀土/0.6g+赤霉素/0.3g)浓度处理下使得土壤供水方式最合理。更多还原

【Abstract】 In arid and semi-arid areas, the development of forestry can only rely on natural rainfall, water is the key factor of affecting the survival rate of afforestation and forest Growth restrictions.According to such a low survival rate of afforestation areas and inadequate supply of water in arid and semi-arid areas,the paper studied the growth of seedling and the Improvement of soil conditions in different treatment through using different concentrations of Hydrogel and other things in embedding and bubbling root,it provide a theoretical basis in using Hydrogel and foreign substances to improve water use efficiency of trees, the survival rate and preservation rate, thereby improving the construction plantations In such areas.This paper discussed the application Hydrogel and foreign substances of promoting the growth of seedlings through Planting the locust and walnut seedlings to observing two different ways of handling the growth of saplings, physiological and physical and chemical properties of soil and other indicators on May to September in 2007.The results show that After the source material with seedling growth better than the untreated control seedling. In field tests in reforestation, locust and walnut growth better in the height in A1(Hydrogel/0.1‰+ IBA/30ppm+ NAA/30ppm+ GA/30ppm+RE/20mg/l) and A2(Hydrogel/0.5‰+ IBA/50ppm+ NAA/50ppm+ GA/50ppm+RE/50mg/l),and growth better in the diameter in A3(Hydrogel /1.5‰+ IBA/80ppm+ NAA/80ppm+ GA/80ppm+RE/80mg/l)and A2(Hydrogel/0.5‰+ IBA/50ppm+ NAA/50ppm+ GA/50ppm+RE/50mg/l).In Greenhouse simulation test, locust and walnut growth better in the height in B3(Hydrogel/15g+Fulvic Acid/1.5g+Urea/1.2g+DAP/0.9g+SSP/0.6g+ Potassium Sulphate /0.6g+RE/1.5g )、C3 ( Hydrogel/7.5g+ Fulvic Acid/1.5g+ NAA/0.4g+ IAA/0.15g+ IBA/0.3g+RE/0.6g+GA/0.3g)and B4、C3,and growth better in the diameter in B4、C3 and B4、C3. Leaf area is growthing better in B4 and C3 of two Seedlings.It demonstrated that using application of appropriate Hydrogel and foreign substances can effectively promote the growth of seedlings.As using Hydrogel and foreign substances,it changed the soil of the water supply, making seedlings photosynthesis and leaf water potential on the curve relatively relaxed, thereby it improved the efficiency of water use and water productivity. Locust and Walnut had transpiration rate higher and stomatal resistance smaller in B4、C4 and B4、C3. Water consumption of the seedlings in growing season is relatively high in B4 and C3 with the two ways. the seedling with Application of Hydrogel and foreign substances survive longer than the contrast seedlings. Seedlings in B4 and C3 survived to 39 days and 42 days.Hydrogel and foreign substances affect little the soil PH value,it not to fundamentally change the soil salinization of the soil,and can significantly increase the total N content and soil organic matter content. Soil water makes the most reasonable way in B3、B4 and C3.更多还原