【作者】 王玉；

【导师】 郭建斌；

【作者基本信息】 北京林业大学 ， 生态环境工程， 2008， 硕士

【摘要】 黄土高原半干旱区生态恢复和植被重建是黄土高原半干旱区生态建设的重要内容。随着人工林面积的增加,开展人工林群落物种多样性的研究显得尤为必要。人工林群落物种多样性的提高,可以有效减轻林分病虫害的发生,同时也可以增加人工林生态系统的稳定性。通过对黄土高原半干旱区人工林群落物种多样性的研究,能够为黄土高原半干旱区生态建设和人工林的可持续发展提供合理的技术措施。本论文通过对山西省方山县土桥沟流域人工林群落物种组成、物种组成结构、群落内物种多样性、群落间物种多样性以及不同生活型群落物种多样性指数的多重比较进行了分析研究,研究结果表明:(1)从群落物种组成分析,侧柏林下共有植物39种,隶属于16科33属。刺槐林下共有植物54种,隶属于21科42属,榆树林下共有植物43种,隶属于18科35属,华北落叶松和油松刺槐混交林群落下共有植物53种,隶属于22科40属,优势物种多属于菊科Composite,豆科Leguminosae和禾本科Gramineae等。(2)从群落径级结构分析,侧柏群落和华北落叶松群落属于增长型结构;刺槐群落和榆树群落属于稳定型结构。从垂直结构分析,所有群落层次结构相对简单,分为乔木层、灌木层、草本层。(3)群落内物种多样性指数的比较分析表明:侧柏、刺槐、榆树、华北落叶松和油松刺槐混交林群落物种丰富度指数S变化趋势基本一致,即草本层>灌木层>乔木层。香农多样性指数SW在不同群落的变化趋势为,侧柏草本层>灌木层;刺槐灌木层>草本层;榆树灌木层与草本层正好相反;华北落叶松和混交林群落草本层和灌木层基本一致。辛普森多样性指数SP和均匀度指数Jsw变化趋势为,灌木层和草本层基本一致。(4)不同生活型物种多样性指数比较分析,结果表明:物种丰富度指数S变化趋势为,草本层>灌木层>乔木层。群落草本层物种丰富度指数S比较,华北落叶松>刺槐>榆树>侧柏。香农物种多样性指数SW变化趋势为,草本层>灌木层。辛普森物种多样性指数SP变化趋势为,灌木层>草本层。物种均匀度指数Jsw变化趋势为,灌木层>草本层。(5)通过对不同类型群落物种多样性差异显著性的多重比较分析,结果表明:群落各层次物种多样性的差异显著性趋势为,灌木层,榆树>华北落叶松>刺槐>侧柏。草本层,华北落叶松>刺槐>榆树>侧柏。从整体分析,物种丰富度指数S和辛普森多样性指数SP之间、香农多样性指数SW和物种均匀度指数Jsw之间、香农多样性指数SW和辛普森多样性指数SP之间有显著性差异,物种丰富度指数S和香农多样性指数SW、物种丰富度指数S和物种均匀度指数Jsw之间、物种均匀度指数Jsw和辛普森多样性指数SP之间均无显著性差异。更多还原

【Abstract】 Semi-arid Loess Plateau ecological construction in semi-arid Loess Plateau is to improve the ecological environment of the important elements. In China, since returning farmland to forest, plantation area has reached 466.667 million hm2. To a large extent, it improved the Loess semi-arid area of the ecological environment, but also has brought great benefits for local farmers. With the increase in plantation area, the study of the plantation community of species diversity is very necessary. The improvement of species diversity of Plantation Community , can effectively reduce the incidence of forest diseases and insect pests, but can also increase the plantation ecosystem stability. Through the study of plantation community of species diversity on the Loess semi-arid area, it will provide reasonable technical measures for Loess semi-arid zones of ecological construction of plantation and the sustainable development of plantations.In this paper, species composition of plantation community, species diversity within the community, between communities of different species diversity and community life of the species diversity index Multiple comparisons were analyzed in Toqiaogou valley of the Fangshan county in Shanxi Province, the study results show that:(1)To analysis the community species composition, there are 39 species plant under Platycladus Orientalis plantation, belonging to 33 genera of 16 families. There are 54 specise plant under R.pseudoacacia plantation, belonging to 42 genera of 21 families. There are 43 specise plant under Ulmus pumila plantation, belonging to 35 genera of 18 families. There are 53 specise plant under Larix principis-rupprechti and mixed community, belonging to 40 genera of 22 families. Composite, Leguminosae and legumes are the advantage species.(2)To analysis the Community Drive-class structure, Platycladus Orientalis community and Larix principis-rupprechti are growth-oriented structure; R.pseudoacacia communities and Ulmus pumila communities are stable structure. With the vertical structure analysised, all community-level structure is relatively simple and divide into the tree layer, the shrub layer, the herb layer.(3)Species diversity within the community for the comparative analysis showed that: Platycladus Orientalis, R.pseudoacacia, Ulmus pumila, Larix principis-rupprechti and mixed, species-rich communities index S trend basically the same, that is, herb layer> shrub layer> tree layer . SW diversity index of the trend, tree layer of Platycladus Orientalis and herb layer > shrub layer; R.pseudoacacia, tree layer and shrub layer > herb layer; Ulmus pumila, the trend of tree layer and herb layer is consistent. of trends consistent with the shrub layer in the tree layer and herb layer On the contrary; Larix principis-rupprechti and mixed community, herb layer and shrub layer > tree layer. Diversity index SP and evenness index Jsw ,tree layer> shrub layer and herb layer.(4)Different life-form diversity index analysis showed that: species richness S index shows, the herb layer> shrub layer> tree layer. S index of herb layer of Community shows, Larix principis-rupprechti > R.pseudoacacia > Ulmus pumila > Platycladus Orientalis. SW index shows, the herb layer> tree layer> shrub layer. SP index shows, shrub layer> tree layer> herb layer. Jsw index shows. shrub layer> herb layer> tree layer.(5) Through the different types of species diversity of different communities of multiple comparative analysis of results showed that: tree layer, Platycladus Orientalis > Larix principis-rupprechti > Ulmus pumila > R.pseudoacacia. Shrub layer, Ulmus pumila > Larix principis-rupprechti > R.pseudoacacia>Platycladus Orientalis. Herb layer, Larix principis-rupprechti > R.pseudoacacia > Ulmus pumila > Platycladus Orientalis. From the overall analysis, S index and the index between the SP, SW index and the index between Jsw, SW index and the index between the SP There was a significant difference, S index and the index between SW, S index and the index between Jsw, Jsw index SP between the index and no difference was not significant.更多还原