【作者】 盛德策；

【导师】 刘忠华； 李凤兰；

【作者基本信息】 北京林业大学 ， 植物学， 2008， 硕士

【摘要】 文冠果(Xanthoceras sorbifolia Bunge)属无患子科文冠果属植物,为落叶灌木或小乔木,是我国北方地区特有的油料和荒山绿化树种,具有重要的经济价值和观赏价值。本文针对文冠果“千花一果”的开花结果习性,研究探索其产生原因和果实种胚后期发育规律,同时,对文冠果体细胞胚发育及组织培养过程中的相关问题进行研究,为体胚发生发育相关机理机制的探索和文冠果优树快繁奠定一定实验基础。主要实验结果如下:1、利用人工辅助授粉技术、石蜡切片技术对文冠果果实发育规律及种胚后期发育进行研究,结果表明:文冠果作为异花授粉植物,自花授粉不亲和,人工辅助授粉能极大提高文冠果座果率;第一次落果发生在花后两周内,推测是受精作用不完全所致,第二次落果发生在花后一个月,推测主要是果实发育过程中的营养竞争所致,而球形胚时期是营养竞争的关键时期。文冠果后期种胚的发育经历典型的球形胚、心形胚、子叶胚时期,各个时期淀粉粒、蛋白质等能量物质消长呈现规律性变化。2、利用组织培养技术,以文冠果种胚为试验材料诱导文冠果体细胞胚,结果表明:诱导愈伤时B5基本培养基效果好于MS基本培养基;诱导愈伤及愈伤继代过程中6-BA浓度应严格控制在低浓度,一般不宜超过0.5mg/L,否则极易造成愈伤褐化,甚至死亡;继代中只用2,4-D等生长素类激素,会诱导出大量根状物;而在添加适量的6-BA进行连续继代之后,则会出现大量芽状物;NAA极易诱导生根,但继代中用其替换2,4-D能减弱后者作用的持续时间;ABA能够抑制细胞生长分裂,可以调控体胚发育进程。3、利用组织培养技术,以文冠果种胚为试验材料直接进行芽的诱导,结果表明:诱导芽所用基本培养基MS的效果好于B5;诱导芽时6-BA是必须的。更多还原

【Abstract】 Shiny leaf yellowhorn, as an andromonoecious tree species, belongs to the genus Xanthoceras, the family Sapindaceae, and it is one of indigenous oleaginous and afforestation plants in North China. It is also very valuable in medical use or as an ornamental plant, which has important economic value. In this paper directing towards the“thousands flowers to one fruit”characteristic of shiny leaf yellowhorn we try to find out the cause and make the process of zygotic embryo development clear. Meantime, the somatic embryogenesis and development induced by tissue culture were investigated in shiny leaf yellowhorn. It can improve the understand to the mechanism of somatic embryogenesis and give us more good suggestions to get higher frequency regeneration system of superior tree. The main experimental results are as follows:1. The pollination characteristics, the regulation of fruit dropping, the development regulation of fruit and zygote embryo in shiny leaf yellowhorn were studied by the way of artifical pollination and paraffin slice. The result showed: Shiny leaf yellowhorn is a cross-pollination plant, and artifical pollination can increase fruit setting rate greatly. The first time of fruit dropping is happened after florescence two weeks later, which may be caused by fertilization failure. The second time of fruit dropping is happened after florescence one month later, which may be mainly caused by nutrition competition among fruits, and the global embryo is the most important period of nutrition competition. The seed embryo later development experiences several typical periods, including globular embryo, heart-shaped embryo, cotyledon embryo, in which starch and protain change regularly in different periods.2. Somatic embryo was induced by tissue culture using seed embryo, and the result showed: Basic medium B5 is better than MS in inducing callus. The concentration of 6-BA must be controlled in the low level, not higher than 0.5mg/L, otherwise it is very easy to cause callus browning, even death. Plenty of root-like is induced when just 2,4-D is used in callus subculture, but plenty of bud-like is induced when suiltable concentration of 6-BA is added in continuous subculture. NAA induces roots easily, but instead of 2,4-D in subculture it will reduce the effect time of 2,4-D. ABA can inhibit the division and growth of cells, using which can conrol the progress of somatic embryogenesis.3. Buds were induced directly by tissue culture using seed embryo as material, and the result showed: The effect of basic medium MS is better than that of B5 and 6-BA is necessary in inducing buds.更多还原