【作者】 吴卓成；

【导师】 黄文君； 施一明；

【作者基本信息】 浙江大学 ， 控制理论与控制工程， 2008， 硕士

【摘要】 近年来,中国造船业处于快速成长阶段,但设计能力落后、配套产业发展滞后、大量电子设备和核心装备依赖进口,一直是制约行业发展的主要瓶颈。主机遥控系统是船舶自动化系统的核心,而国内船舶主机控制系统大部分以模拟量组合单元仪表为主,这类控制系统所需要的仪表控制器件数量多,大部分采用手动操作,数据显示精度低且控制困难,还有很多控制系统采用气动控制方式,因此无法实现控制系统的故障监测诊断。针对国内主机遥控系统的现状,本文设计了一套数字化船舶主机遥控系统,提出了遥控系统的整体设计方案。该方案采用网络化控制技术,将控制系统分为现场级、集控室级和驾驶室级三层结构,实现对船舶主机的本地控制和远程监控,解决了以往的控制系统无法实现远程遥控的弊端。三层控制网络之间利用冗余以太网进行通信,保证了数据通信的可靠性和实时性。专门设计了一套独立的安全保护系统,可以实现在主机遥控系统遇到故障无法正常运行的时候利用该安全保护系统完成对主机的紧急控制。该主机遥控系统采用模块化设计思想,分别设计了动力系统控制模块和监测传输模块,其中动力系统控制模块主要完成柴油机转速采样、转速误差及调速运算,齿轮箱输出控制,PWM输出,对输入输出信号进行阻抗变换以及柴油机超速保护等功能。监测传输模块主要完成控制系统工作模式采集、实时监测与记录柴油机控制系统运行参数,绘制重要参数实时曲线,故障信息显示功能的实现。模块之间通过双端口RAM实现内部信息的交换。本文还设计了多种参数数据库,可以满足多种型号主机的控制需求,增加了控制系统的通用性。最后,本文选用塑料封装作为控制器的抗腐蚀涂层,并且提出了包括电路方面,结构方面的抗电磁干扰的措施。本文设计的主机遥控系统实现了针对船舶主机的数字化监控功能,达到了海上环境以及机舱现场对控制系统防腐蚀、抗电磁干扰能力的特殊要求。解决了当前主机遥控系统大部分以模拟量组合单元仪表为主带来的弊端。更多还原

【Abstract】 In recent years, shipbuilding industry has been increasing rabidly in China, but most of the electronical facility and hardcore equipments depend on importation. Control system of marine main engine is the kernel of ship-automation system, but most of the domestic control system of marine main engine is made up of analog instruments which are manually manipulated and have short precision. In order to solve this problem, this paper bring forward the design idea about remote control system of marine main engine. This control system includes device level, central control room and bridge level. The three levels respectively realized local control and remote control. Ethernet is used to realize the communication between them.This remote control system for diesel engine was designed with modularized idea, power actuated module and monitoring module are designed respectively. Power actuated module fulfills rotational speed sampling, gearbox output control, PWM output, signal impedance conversion, and overspeed protection etc. Monitoring module fulfills work pattern sampling, real time monitoring, curve plotting, failure message displaying etc. DPRAM was used to realize the communication between the two modules. In order to boost the commonality of this control system, this paper designed multiple parameter database to fit for three types of diesel engine. Additionally use plastic capsulation to keep the controller from salt spray corrosion, bring forward EMI solutions.This remote control system for diesel engine realized digital monitoring and control function, reached the requirement for using in maritime environment, solved the disadvantage of currently used control systems which are made up of analog instruments.更多还原