【作者】 刘永军；

【导师】 万频；

【作者基本信息】 广东工业大学 ， 检测技术与自动化装置， 2008， 硕士

【摘要】 社会经济的快速发展,带来的是日益增多的能源消耗和不断恶化的环境。这给人类社会的可持续发展带来了严峻的挑战,发展和利用新能源是解决这一挑战的最有效的途径。太阳能被认为是最有前途的绿色能源之一,太阳能的应用技术之一太阳能发电则是最有潜力的可再生能源利用技术。在此基础上,研究如何提高太阳能发电系统转换效率无疑是很有现实意义的。本文首先介绍了光伏发电系统的组成,并对太阳电池的模型和输出特性进行研究,分析外界环境温度和光照强度对输出特性的影响;同时也对蓄电池的特性、工作原理及充电方法进行深入研究之后,结合系统整体的需要本文采用阶段充电法。其次在对比分析扰动观察法、增量电导法和模糊控制法等目前常规的最大功率跟踪控制方法的基础上,针对其存在的问题提出基于自适应模糊算法的最大功率点的跟踪控制。在充电控制器的硬件设计方面,进行了信号量的检测模块、脉宽调制的驱动模块、单片机主控制模块、通讯电路模块及DC-DC主拓扑回路模块的设计,并给出了电路的实现形式。同时对主拓扑回路的电路工作模式和电路参数进行了分析和计算;为对蓄电池的充电过程进行保护,设计了安全控制电路,使充电控制器系统运行在稳定的状态。软件设计方面,在自适应模糊算法和阶段充电法结合的基础上,完成对太阳能最大输出功率跟踪控制和充电控制的单片机程序设计;为实现对充电过程的实时监控,设计了通过串口进行通信的基于VC++的上位机监控程序。最后在系统抗干扰方面给出了硬件和软件两种抗干扰的方法措施,并对控制器系统的硬件进行检查和调试。根据系统的控制电路图,用MATLAB构建系统各组成部分的仿真模型,仿真结果表明,将自适应模糊算法应用在太阳能最大功率的跟踪控制中,能够在一定程度上快速、有效的跟踪最大功率点。更多还原

【Abstract】 With the rapid development of socio-economic, the problems of the increasing energy consumption and deteriorating environment are coming to our world. This is a severe challenge for the sustained development of human, developing and making use of the new energy resources is the most effective way to solve this challenge. Solar energy is considered to be one of the most promising green energy, at the same time the solar photovoltaic technology is one of the most potential of renewable energy technologies.It is significant to research on improving theconversion efficiency of PV system.Firstly, introducing the composition of photovoltaic system, and researchingphotovoltaic array model and its output characteristics, at the same time, after deeply researching the characteristics of battery and charging methods, the phase charging method is used according to need of whole system. Secondly, in contrast to analyzing the conventional of the current maximum power tracking control methods, maximum power tracking control based on the adaptive fuzzy is proposed against the existence problem.The hardware design of charging controller, including detection module of signal、PWM drive module、control module of microchip and main topology of DC-DC module are designed, giving the forms of circuit. At the same time, operating modes of the main topology and the parameters of the circuit are analyzed and calculated and make the charging control system in a stable condition. In software, on the basis of the adaptive fuzzy arithmetic and phase charging method, programs of the maximum power point tracking and charging control are designed; In order to realize the real-time monitoring of charging, the PC monitoring program which through serial port based on VC++ is designed.Finally, checking and debugging the hardware circuit of controller system, at the same time, constructing the simulation model of the system by using MATLAB. The simulation results of the maximum power tracking control arithmetic show that adaptive fuzzy arithmetic is effective to get the maximum power point.更多还原