【作者】 刘霞；

【导师】 徐涤宇；

【作者基本信息】 湖南大学 ， 法律， 2008， 硕士

【摘要】 法律适用的目的在于促进“最大多数人最大的快乐”和社会成本的最小化,这也是法治社会共同的目标。在文明发展的今天,对人权的关注日益加重,对人身权的法律保护也日益完善,但无论理论上还是实践中基本上都是针对一般自然人的,而对于尚处于母体中孕育的胎儿却是有所忽略的。殊不知,胎儿也是一个生命体,也需要法律的严密保护,不能因为其存在形式的特殊而差别对待。胎儿本是宪法意义上的生命体,理应享有各项宪法权利。但是因为胎儿存在形式的特殊性---与母体的不可分离性,导致法律在许多方面将胎儿本身与母体这两个独立体给同一化了。也因为这种存在形式的特殊性胎儿又极易受到外来侵害,但其自身又没有自我防护能力,所以相对于自然人来说,更需要法律对其进行特殊保护。所以建立胎儿死亡赔偿金制度追究侵权人侵犯胎儿生命权的民事赔偿责任,就具有重大的意义,一是体现了对人的最高人格利益的生命权的高度尊重和特殊保护,是对生命期待利益本身落空的一种补偿;二是对死亡胎儿近亲属物质损失的赔偿和精神苦痛的慰抚;三是对加害人侵害行为的惩罚,使得侵权人在被追究刑事责任的同时付出更多的经济代价,让其深刻体会到侵犯胎儿生命权的惨重代价。建立胎儿死亡赔偿金制度,明显具有三重功能即补偿、慰抚和惩罚,是追求社会成本的最小化。不但是对个案中具体行为人的严重惩罚,也能对全社会的人起到一种警醒作用。让他们认识到不能罔顾生命,任意剥夺别人的生命权,否则将会付出惨痛的代价。同时也使相关的法律具有更强的司法操作性。更多还原

【Abstract】 The goal of using the law lies in promoting "the biggest joy of the most majority person " and the smallest of the social cost,This is also the common goal of the law society.Today the speed of civilization development is high, while the attention has been aggravated to the human rights, and the legal protection had been consummated to the personal rights day by day. But they all basically aim at the common natural persons regardless of the theory or the practice, the fetus actually has been neglected. Originally the fetus is the life body of the constitution significance, so the fetus should enjoy each constitution right. We cannot treat the fetus differently merely because of its special existence form. But with mother’s belly inseparable, that causes the law to identical the fetus with his mother substance in many aspects. And because of the special existence form, the fetus is also easy to receive the external violation, and does not have self-protection capability, therefore it is opposite in the natural person, the fetus needs much more protection of the law.So it has significant significance which investigates the civil compensation responsibility to establish the Death indemnity system of the fetus, because the right infringement person encroaches upon the fetus life power. First, it has manifested highly respect and special protection to the life power which is the highest personality benefit, and it is the compensation to the failed life anticipated benefit itself. Second, it is the compensation of material loss and mental pain which loses the fetus. Finally, it is penalty to the person who injured the life power of fetus. That makes the right infringement person paying much more economical prices simultaneously being investigated the legal responsibility. So that surely makes the person profoundly realizing the serious price of encroaching upon the fetus’life power.It obviously has tertiary function namely to compensate, to comfort and to punish that establishes the Death indemnity system of the fetus, and it pursues the smallest of social cost. It is the serious penalty to the right infringement person in the case, and could make the entire society’s people sleeping lightly the role. Let them realize that cannot deprive others’life power, otherwise they would be compelled to pay grieved price. Simultaneously it also enable the correlation law to have a stronger operation of judicature.更多还原