【作者】 胡乃杰；

【导师】 刘波峰；

【作者基本信息】 湖南大学 ， 检测技术与自动化装置， 2008， 硕士

【摘要】 离心机是一种分离设备,借助高速旋转产生巨大的离心力来分离提纯物质,在生物学研究和工业生产中应用广泛。随着控制技术发展,离心机转速越来越高,出现了高速、超速以及超高速离心机。国外离心机的研制起步较早,在技术、材料和工艺上领先于国内,特别是超速和超高速离心机,已经生产出最高转速达150000 rpm的离心机。国内技术相对落后,处于高速离心机的研发与生产阶段,30000 rpm以上的离心机几乎没有,本论文的设计就是在这样背景下提出的。本论文研究对象是超速离心机的电控系统,包括电控系统的硬件设计,转速、温度的控制算法设计和电控系统的软件设计。在电控系统硬件设计时,首先对系统从功能上进行模块化划分,然后进行模块化设计,完成各部分的功能,重点介绍了转子识别模块、转速测量控制模块和温度测量控制模块。转子识别采用射频识别的方式,在运行前或低转速时完成转子识别,限制最高转速设置,提高安全性;利用霍尔传感器A44E测量转速,通过变频器控制转速;温度传感器DS18B20测量温度,通过控制可控硅导通角来控制温度。系统中包括电机和变频器,做了硬件抗干扰设计。温度和转速是离心机系统中最重要的两个控制量,力求控制精确。本论文中针对温度控制中的不确定因素,设计了模糊控制器来控制温度;对转速的控制采用模糊PID控制算法,使参数整定简单易行。通过试验数据对比,控制算法处理的温度和转速控制精度都得以提高。在电控系统软件设计时,首先对软件系统模块化处理,然后划分各模块的功能。主要讲述了转子识别时的转子编码,射频通信时的读写流程,变频器通信的软件协议以及主要模块的程序流程图。文章最后介绍了软件设计时抗干扰措施。更多还原

【Abstract】 Centrifuge is one kind of splitter, has the huge centrifugal force with the aid of high speed revolving to separate and purification material, widely applied in the biology research and industrial production. Along with the control technology development, the centrifuge rotational speed was getting higher and higher, presented high speed, over-speed as well as the supervelocity centrifuge.The overseas centrifuge’s development starts early, in the technology, material and craft is superior to domestic, specially over-speed and supervelocity centrifuge, already produced the centrifuges with the highest rotational speed to 150000 rpm.Domestic technical are relative slow, in high speed centrifuge’s research, development and production stage, there are nearly no centrifuges above 30000 rpm, this paper’s design is proposes under such background.This paper’s study is the supercentrifuge’s electrical control systems, including electrical control system hardware design, speed and temperature control algorithm design and electrical control system software design.In electrical control system hardware design, first carries on the modular division according to the system’s function, then carries on the modular design then proceed to modular design, completes all parts of the function, focus on the rotor identification module, speed measurement and control module, temperature measurement control module. Rotor identification using radio frequency identification, before movement or at low speed to complete the rotor recognition, limit the maximum speed’s set up and improve safety; Hall sensor A44E measure speed, inverter control speed, temperature sensor DS18B20 complete temperature measurement, control SCR breakover angle to control temperature. The system includes a motor and an inverter, considering the hardware anti-jamming design.Temperature and speed are the most important two control quantity in the centrifuge system, makes every effort to control precisely. This paper for temperature control in view of uncertain factors, designed the fuzzy controller to control the temperature, uses fuzzy PID to control the speed, causes the parameter installation to be easy and feasible. Through the test data comparison, the control algorithm processing temperature and speed control precision are enhanced.In electrical control system software design, first separate software system into modulations, then determine the modules’function. Main talk about rotor codes when rotor identification, radio frequency communication’s reading and writing process, inverter communications software agreement and the main module’s flow chart. The paper finally introduces the software anti-jamming design measures.更多还原