【作者】 王敏；

【导师】 尹好鹏；

【作者基本信息】 北方工业大学 ， 法学理论， 2008， 硕士

【摘要】 转型期作为社会学和制度经济学的研究工具,法学角度主要是吸取其渐进性和整体性的特征以及二元社会结构和二元经济结构。结合宪法学领域自发生成的已有的转型期成果,形成本文着重运用的转型期理论工具。公民财产权属于一种复合型权利,同时具有对抗私权利和公权力的双重属性。现代财产权的宪法保障制度在规范体系上基本包含三重结构:保障条款、限制条款和征用补偿条款。建立公民财产权的宪法保障制度,有利于促进人格和人权保障,有利于推动市场经济的健康发展,有利于抑制政治权力的滥用,有利于催发市民社会的成长,有利于公共财产的保护。因此,转型期公民财产权的宪法保护,应当结合转型中国的大背景,在此背景下进行二元研究,将本土资源与别国经验相结合,并把握制度设计渐进性的“度”。美国和德国作为英美法系和大陆法系的代表性国家,各自的公民财产权宪法保护制度相对比较成熟。引进其正当程序原则、征收补偿制度,借鉴其公民财产权在宪法条文中的表述,公共利益的界定,宪法对法律相关的委任授权,有助于我国尽快建立起完善的公民财产权宪法保护制度。在上述理论材料齐备的基础上,以转型期的理论工具深入中国此时期公民财产权状况的学理描述,图表追溯宪法制定和修改对于公民财产权保护的变化之路,法理和宪法学角度分析当下我国公民财产权宪法保护制度存在的缺陷,揭示了缺陷产生的根本原因在于我国处于转型期的社会现实,主要原因在于政策性立宪模式和宪法限制公民财产权的方式分类模糊。提议转变我国的立宪模式为制度性立宪、区分委托给立法机关的立法权限和宪法直接规定的具体限制形式。进而提出转型期公民财产权宪法保护制度构建设想:还原公民财产权属于公民基本权利的性质,消除公私财产不平等保护的倾向,区分征收征用制度,界定公共利益的范围,完善征收补偿制度,确立正当程序原则,建立宪法解释和违宪审查制度。更多还原

【Abstract】 The transitional period, the study tool of sociology and institutional economics, mainly provides advancing gradually and integrity as well as the structures of society and economy from the view of law. Combining with the research findings on the transitional period in the field of constitutional jurisprudence, the transitional period that the theoretical tool this dissertation emphasizes is born. Private property rights belong to comprehensive rights, can contend with private rights and public ones. The modern constitutional protection system of private property rights includes three basic structures in the sense of legal norm system: ensuring clause, restrictive clause and taking clause. The establishment of the protection system is favorable to promote personality, the protection of human rights and public property, the healthy development of market economy, the growth of civil society, and to control the abuse of political power. Therefore, the study of the subject shouldn’t be out of China transition’s background, so shouldn’t the dualism study. Natural resources should be combined with the experience of other countries. Last but not least thing is to control the "degree" of advancing gradually relating to system design.The United States as the representation of the civil law countries has a relatively mature system of constitutional protection of private property rights, so does Germany, the representation of the common law countries. The introduction of the principle of due process, the collection compensation system, constitutional clauses about private property rights, the definition of public interest, and the law’s legislation power authorized by the constitution, all will help China to build the constitutional system of private property rights quickly and consummately.On the basis of theoretical material above, the dissertation describes the status of private property rights of today’s China with the transitional period theoretical tool, creates charts to trace back to the road of constitutional making and modification of private property rights, analyzes the defects of China’s constitutional protection system about private property rights nowadays from the view of jurisprudence and constitution, thus, it reveals the essential reason that defects exist lies in the social reality that China is in the transitional period, and the main ones are the policy-constitutionalism mode and the fuzzy classification ways in which constitution limits private property rights. The suggestion is that not only we should change the policy-constitutionalism mode into institution-constitutionalism one, but also we should distinguish the legislative powers authorized by constitution and concrete restricting modes written in constitution. Then, the construction assumption about constitutional protection system about private property rights can be proposed: reducing the nature of private property rights, one of basic human rights, eliminating the tendency of unequal protection of private and public property, distinguishing between collection and confiscation, defining the scope of public interest, improving the collection compensation system, establishing due process principle, systems of the constitutional explanation and unconstitutional reviewing.更多还原