【作者】 贾军；

【导师】 马俊杰；

【作者基本信息】 西北大学 ， 环境科学， 2008， 硕士

【摘要】 环境质量评价是认识和研究环境质量的一种科学方法,环境空气质量评价是环境质量评价的一个重要分支。本文整理了城市环境空气质量及其评价的原理和方法,并使用国内普遍采用的API空气污染指数法、模糊数学综合评判方法评价了西安市2000-2007年的环境空气质量状况变化趋势,对两种评价方法的评价结果作了对比研究,总结了不同评价方法的优缺点。西安市环境空气质量日报中使用污染物指数API,评价结果比较明确,但在取最大值的过程中,遗漏了其他污染物的信息。模糊综合评判考虑环境空气质量评价的模糊性,根据污染物浓度对各级别的贴近度考察污染物的级别,评结果比较直观,可以细致准确的评价环境质量等级,评价结果基本可以反映环境空气污.染情况。西安市近年来不断加大环保投入,加强环境管理,全面开展了严格控制高硫煤使用、淘汰燃煤锅炉、控制机动车尾气污染、优化能源结构等污染防治工作,环境空气质量得到明显改善。但随着社会经济快速发展,大气污染物排放总量呈潜在的增加趋势,对全市环境空气质量构成了巨大的压力。本文结合西安市社会经济发展规划,对当前及今后一段时期影响西安市环境空气质量的主要因素和大气污染防治的主要问题进行研究表明,西安环境空气污染防治的主要问题是颗粒物污染影响普遍,二氧化硫排放量大,氮氧化物呈逐渐增高趋势。本文以发展循环经济、建设生态市等先进理念为指导,参考国内外先进经验,提出改善西安市环境空气质量的建议,主要包括调节产业结构,推行清洁生产、改善能源结构,发展循环经济、实行排污权交易、加强城市绿化建设、等措施以及必要的保障措施,以推动西安市在保持经济快速增长的同时持续改善环境环境空气质量。更多还原

【Abstract】 Environmental quality assessment is a scientific method of realization and research the environmental quality , Ambient air quality assessment is one of the important branches of the environmental quality assessment. In this paper, The rational and the methods of city ambient air quality assessment was summarized. Air Pollution index（API）, Fuzzy mathematics integration judge, was used in this paper to estimate the air quality of xi’an from 2000 to 2007. The characteristics of the methods were contrasted.API was used in air quality daily .the result was definitude .But in the process of choose the max value ,the information of other pollutants was leaved out . Fuzzy mathematics integration judge considered the fuzzy character of environment quality assessment based on the nearness degree of pollutants consistence to judge the pollution level .The assessment results of fuzzy mathematics integration judge was the level of air quality ,the result were clear.The analysis shows that the air quality pollution has been controlled primarily and the environmental air quality has been improved obviously through more investment on environmental protection. Enhancement of environment management .And work on air pollution prevention and cure including controlling use of hi-sulufr-coal, eliminating coal-boiler ,controlling motor vehicles gas pollution and optimizing energy sources configuration.However, together with the fast development of city economy, the gross letting amount of air contamination presents increase trend potentially which brings about tremendous pressure on maintaining good cantonal air quality, PM₁₀ is the main factors affecting xi’an environmental air quality. In the future. The main challenge of air pollution prevention and cure is that letting quantity of SO₂ is large, granule pollution impacts widely and NO_x pollution is in uptrend gradually.Directed by advanced theory of developing cycle economy and constructing ecotypic city and meanwhile referring to domestic and international experience, the research makes proposal on methods of improving environmental air quality. It includes reasonable adjustment on city industrial layout and structure, developing recycling economy, optimizing energy resources configuration , pushing depurative producing, reducing letting quantity of air contamination. With these methods xi’an will improve environmental air quality persistently while maintaining fast economic increasing.更多还原