【作者】 李双武；

【导师】 钱东平；

【作者基本信息】 河北农业大学 ， 农业机械化工程， 2008， 硕士

【摘要】 地下水资源与国民经济发展、生态平衡、环境保护以及广大人民群众的生活息息相关,在保障城乡居民生活、支撑经济社会发展、维持生态平衡等方面发挥着重要作用。但是,由于地下水的不合理开采、人类的生产和生活,导致地下水水位下降、水体污染、水质恶化,使有限的水资源更加紧张。为保护有限的水资源,合理开发和利用水资源,必须实时监控地下水的变化,以采取相应的措施,及时调节可能出现的的不利动态趋向,保持社会的可持续发展,因此,对地下水进行动态监测有着现实的社会意义。本文在对国内外关于地下水监测系统进行了研究对比以后,详细论述了智能网络传感技术、特点及系统结构,比较了与传统传感器的差异,通过智能传感器对地下水的水位、水温、水质、水量参数进行监测及数据采集,利用嵌入式单片机完成对数据进行处理,不断收集现场设备的运行参数、状态、故障及实时监测的信息,由GSM数据模块TC35实现数据的无线传输,构成一个用于地下水动态监测的智能传感器网络。系统采用了模块化设计思路,实现了一个由传感模块、信号转换模块、数据处理模块、无线传输模块四部分组成的地下水动态监测系统。传感模块由传感器电路、调制电路和模拟信号开关组成。传感器将水位、水温、水质、水量信号转换为电信号,通过模拟信号开关,对各种信号进行切换,信号共用一片放大器及A/D转换电路,由控制电路给出的控制信号依次将各种模拟信号选通,经过调制电路进行放大,输出模拟信号。信号转换模块由A/D转换芯片及外围电路构成,将传感模块输出的模拟信号转换为数字信号输出,并输入到单片机的P1口。数据处理模块由单片机单元、报警单元组成。单片机单元负责数据的处理、转发,并对报警单元、转换单元及定时工作等各部分进行控制。报警单元采用报警仪的设计方法,由内含手机模块的单片机进行控制,完成系统数据的传送及报警功能。无线传输模块利用GSM网络,由TC35数据模块完成数据通信,它与单片机的串口相连接,通过串口进行数据交换,无线传输模块能够双向通讯,接收从中心节点传送来的命令信号,转发给传感器,并将传感器发出的数字信号发送中心节点。通过以上四个模块形成了地下水动态自动监测无线网络系统,具有数据采集功能、报警功能、网络通信功能,实现了对地下水水位、水温、水质、水量参数的自动采集、自动存储、自动传输等功能,并确保了监测设备和监测数据的稳定可靠。此外,本系统以GSM网络作为数据无线传输网络,可以快速、可靠地实现传感器网络中数据的传输,实现了地下水动态监测系统的数字化、网络化,可以较好的满足地下水动态实时监测的组网需要。更多还原

【Abstract】 Groundwater resources is closely related to the development of the national economy, ecological balance, environmental protection and the lives of people ,and it plays an important role in protecting people lives , supporting economic and social development and maintaining ecological balance, However, due to the illegitimate exploitation of groundwater in the life and production of human, with the result that the level of ground water declined, water polluted and deteriorated, and the limited water resources became more and more tense. In order to protect the limited water resources, rationally develop and utilize them, we must monitor the groundwater all the time and take appropriate measures to adjust the negative dynamic trend promptly. So it has a realistic social significance to monitor the groundwater.In this paper, both the home and abroad on groundwater monitoring system were studied contrastively, then discuss the intelligent network sensing technology, features and system structure detailedly, compare with the traditional sensor, monitor the water level, water temperature, water quality and water parameters by the intelligent sensor, then use the embedded SCM to complete processing of the data and collect the equipments’ operating parameters, status and malfunction and real-time monitoring information continuously, realize the wireless transmit of data through the TC35 module of GSM, at last, constitute a intellectualized sensor networks for the dynamic monitoring of the groundwater.System uses a modular design, which forms a groundwater monitoring system consists of the sensor module, signal conversion modules, data-processing modules, wireless transmission modules. Sensor module is composed of sensor circuit, modulation circuit and analog signal switch. Sensor converts water level, water temperature, water quality, water quantity and other signals into electrical signals, which switched by analog signal switches. Signals share a signal amplifiers and an A / D converter circuit, and choosed by the control signal given from the control circuit, then enlarged by the modulation circuit and exported in the form of analog signals. Signal conversion modules are composed of the A / D converter chip and the external circuit, and those modules switche the analog signals into digital signals, which are transported to the P2 mouth of the SCM. Data processing module consists of SCM modules, alarm modules. The SCM unit is responsible for the data processing and data transmitting, and it controls the alarm unit, conversion units, regular work and so on. Alarm unit controlled by the embedded phone module uses the design method of annunciator to realize data transmission and alarm functions. Wireless transmission modules use GSM network to complete data communications by TC35 data module. They are linked with serial port, through which exchange of datas, and they can complete two-way wireless communication that transmit the orders received from the central node to the sensors and send the digital signal sent by sensors to the central node. Then, a groundwater monitoring wireless network system is formed by the above four modules. The system has the functions such as data acquisition function, alarm functions, network communication functions. It can automatically gather, storage and transmit parameters including water temperature, water quality and water quantity, and can ensure that the monitoring equipment and monitoring data is stable and reliable.In addition, the system uses GSM wireless network as a data transmission network, which can quickly and reliably achieve data transmission in the sensor network, make the digitization and network of groundwater monitoring system come ture, and can meet the demand of dynamic and real-time monitoring of groundwater.更多还原