【作者】 李婷；

【导师】 刘恩专；

【作者基本信息】 天津财经大学 ， 国际贸易学， 2008， 硕士

【摘要】 跨国公司的撤资行为是伴随着外商直接投资(FDI)的活动的扩大而出现的,随着外资引入规模的加大,越来越多的跨国公司进入了成熟期和营运期,伴随着跨国公司的发展,一些撤资现象也在中国不断地出现。本文以跨国公司在华撤资为主要研究对象,在对跨国公司FDI及撤资问题进行一般理论分析的基础上,综合运用对比分析、数据整理和案例分析等方法,从在华撤资的特征出发,分析归纳出跨国公司在华撤资的诱因及其影响。本文的研究不仅有利于推动国内关于跨国公司撤资行为的研究,更有助于完善我国防范撤资风险、合理有效地利用外资的政策选择。本文主要从撤资的时间、撤资主体和撤资领域三方面全面地分析了我国跨国公司撤资的特征。研究发现,不同时期,不同投资主体以及不同投资行业,其撤资的主要诱因不同。我国跨国公司撤资的诱因从总体上分可以分为内因和外因。内因主要是跨国公司自身因素造成的,包括母公司和子公司的因素,这是跨国公司撤资的决定性因素,它直接决定着其经营效益和经营决策。外因主要是指东道国、母国以及其他一些竞争性国家的经济状况影响。外部因素的变化,间接影响跨国公司的经营效益和经营决策。不同类型的投资,其外商撤资诱因不同,进而对我国的影响也不同。劳动密集型产业的撤资对我国来讲是一种产业结构调整的必然结构。一些因为经营不善导致的撤资是我国市场竞争优胜劣汰的结构。这类撤资对我国的负面影响不是很大,相反优化了我国的资本结构。但是对于资本密集型和技术密集型的产业的撤资,我们要尽量避免,因为这对我国的负面影响很大。因此为了避免我国的撤资对我国的影响,我们应该重视引资的质量。投资的质量高低,往往决定了撤资。同时,我国对已有的投资需要加以监控,及时作出政策调整,避免出现大规模的资本撤出。本文还提出,随着我国基于廉价劳动力的比较优势减弱趋势的显现,我国必须要努力发掘新的比较优势,以保持外资流入的可持续性。更多还原

【Abstract】 Divestment has emerged with the development of foreign direct investment. With larger scale of FDI in China, most transnational corporations have gone into mature stage and operation stage. So with the development of transnational corporations, more and more divestments have appeared in China. This article studies on the foreign divestment in China, on the basis of the analysis on different theories of foreign investment and divestment, and then uses many analysis methods, such as comparative analysis, data reduction, case study and so on ,to illustrate the divestment phenomena, at last conclude the inducement and the affect of divestment. The result of this article is helpful to perfect the research of the foreign divestment theory and help our country to avoid the risk of divestment, and also has practical significance on how to use FDI effectively and reasonably.This article mainly analyses on the characters of divestment in our country from three aspects of the time, the subject of divestment and the area of divestment in china. All of these analyses are to find out the reason for multinational company divestment. The research finds that the key inducement of divestment is different in different period, for different investors and different industries. Generally the inducement of divestment in China could be divided into internal cause and external cause. The internal cause means the transnational company’s factor including the parent company and her subsidiaries. The external cause means the economic and political affections of the host county, the mother country and the competitors of FDI. The impact of divestment in our country is further investigated. Different kinds of investments have different main reasons for its divestment which have different affect on our country. Divestment in Labor incentive industries is the result of the improvement of our county industry. Divestments caused by management failure are the result of the survival of the fittest. Such kind of divestment doesn’t have negative effect on our country, but optimizes our industry structure. On the contrary, as the negative effect of the divestments in capital and technological incentive industries is huge, we have to avoid that kind of divestment. That’s why we have to pay attention on the investment quantity to avoid the negative effect of divestment, which decides the divestment. At the same time, we have to pay attention to the existing foreign investment and make the adjustment of the policy in order to avoid large scale of divestment. As the trend that our countries’cheap labor comparison advantage is disappearing is becoming apparent, it is essential to find our new comparison advantage to keep stability of the inflow of FDI.更多还原