【作者】 刘钰；

【导师】 纪荣泰；

【作者基本信息】 天津财经大学 ， 经济法学， 2008， 硕士

【摘要】 随着海运的发展,提单作为一种海运单据应运而生,成为收货人向承运人提货所必不可少的凭证。根据我国《海商法》以及国际公约等的规定,承运人必须凭正本提单交货。然而,在实践中,承运人常常凭保函和提单副本放货,这就使得无单放货纠纷案件大量出现。无单放货行为的责任归属问题也成为案件当事人争议的焦点、理论界的研究热点、司法界的难点。因为对无单放货行为责任的定性不同会直接关系到当事人权利义务的确定以及不同的诉讼结果。因此,对无单放货的责任归属与例外研究也显得尤为重要。该篇论文首先从无单放货的法律性质出发,明确了无单放货的违法性及认定的依据,接着以法律解释方法中的文义解释方法、体系解释方法等多种解释方法探讨了提单的法律属性,得出提单兼具物权效力与债权效力。其次,采用比较分析与归纳分析相结合的方法对承运人无单放货的责任归属的四种理论学说——侵权责任说、违约责任说、例外侵权责任说和侵权违约责任竞合说进行了评价,并由此提出笔者所倾向的学说——侵权违约责任竞合说。接着探讨了在不同相关人下,无单放货责任归属的不同认定。并在从实体和程序上两方面比较了侵权之诉和违约之诉之不同后,引出笔者对违约之诉的偏好,提出对于完善国内相关立法的建议。这也是该论文的核心与创新之处。最后,从航运实践中可允许的几种无单放货责任归属的例外情形以及对大量存在的保函的态度等问题出发,采用实证与规范相结合的方法,来论述各种学说的优缺点,对无单放货的责任归属与例外问题加以梳理,对保函的不同态度尝试性地提出质疑,并找出最适合我国的解决途径。并对当前各个法系对记名提单下无单放货责任是否免除的不同观点中,采用体系解释方法提出自己的观点:记名提单下承运人也须凭正本提单交付货物。更多还原

【Abstract】 Along with the development of the marine transportation, as one kind of marine document, the bill of lading (B/L) becomes the essential certificate for the carrier to deliver goods to consignee. According to our country’s“Maritime Law”, as well as the international convention, the carrier must deliver the goods depending on the original B/L. However, in reality, the carrier sells goods depending on the letter of guarantee and the transcription of the B/L frequently and this has caused massive disputes. The carrier’s responsibility ownership which delivers goods without the original B/L becomes the focus between the parties, a hot topic among theorists, a difficulty in the judicial field. Therefore, there’s some need to do some research on the topic.At first, on the basis of the legal nature of delivering goods without B/L, the illegality of delivering goods without B/L is definite. Then, the article discusses the legal nature of B/L by the method of the meaning explanation, system explanation etc. and concludes that B/L can be regarded both as credit document and document of title. Secondly, the author appraises the four different viewpoints of the carrier’s responsibility ownership (that is, the right infringement responsibility said, the violation responsibility said, the exception right infringement responsibility said, the right infringement and violation responsibility gathers said) by the method of contrastive analysis and inductive analysis. After evaluating the four viewpoints, the author proposed one of the viewpoints which she favors, that is, the right infringement and violation responsibility gathers said. Then the article discusses the different reorganizations of responsibilities under the different employees, and after comparing the violation sues with the right infringement sues from the different angles in the substantive law and procedural law, the author draws out the conclusion that she accepts the violation sues. In this part, some legislation suggestion is also proposed by the author. This part is the core of the whole thesis, also, in this part, several new viewpoints are proposed. At last, several kinds of exception on delivering goods without the B/L which are accepted in the navigation practice are discussed. Afterwards, the author analyzes the advantages and the disadvantages of the letter of guarantee, as well as the viewpoints to the responsibility of delivering goods without registered B/L in different nations using experimentation method and regulation method. Finally, by the method of system explanation, the author puts forward her own point that is the carrier has to deliver the goods with the original registered B/L.更多还原