环境友好型非织造布吸声材料的研究

【作者】 李晶；

【导师】 李新禹；

【作者基本信息】 天津工业大学 ， 纺织工程， 2007， 硕士

【摘要】 近年来,由于环境噪声问题越来越严重的影响到人们的工作和学习,研究者们对材料吸声性能的研究也越来越多,虽然现有的吸声材料在不同领域的应用尚可,但是仍然存在着对环境的适应力差,材料性脆,容易折断形成粉尘散逸而污染环境、影响健康,或体积大,给施工安装带来许多不便等缺点,并且随着近年来人们环保意识的加强,急需一种新型吸声材料,而非织造材料以其天然的三维网状结构以及多孔性、柔软性及弹性等特点,非常适合用作吸声材料。除此之外,非织造布还具有原料来源范围广,产品品种多;生产工艺过程简单,劳动生产率高;生产速度快,产量高;工艺变化多,产品用途广等特点,因此非织造布在吸声材料中的应用前景广阔。鉴于此,并结合国外现有的对吸声非织造材料各项性能的研究,本课题提出了从结构角度考虑研究吸声非织造材料的想法。秉承以上的构思,从吸声原理以及影响吸声材料特性的两点重要因素——容重和厚度方面考虑,本课题先后制备了十种不同结构的复合试件,这些试件一方面从容重角度考虑,为了使声波较容易地进入材料,表层采用容重较小的非织造材料,同时为使进入材料内的声波与材料的接触机会增多,中间层采用容重较大的非织造材料。两者通过类似针刺的工艺连接,这种连接方式既可避免由于粘合剂连接所产生的孔隙损失,又可在层与层之间不完全接合处形成空气层,这样就使纤维与声波的接触机会增多,从而使材料的吸声性能得到了更有效地提高。另一方面,根据实验的结论,从具有吸声性能的最小厚度出发,逐渐增加材料的厚度,同时考虑最后的使用要求组合成所需的厚度,这样复合而成的厚度可在一定范围内调整,较现在常用的一次性成形的吸声材料更具有灵活性,并且更加合理化的应用资源。最后,为了保护非织造材料的孔隙畅通,在材料的表面安装玻璃纤维布。通过驻波管法对试件测试,以及使用SPSS统计软件的分析表明,用不同的复合结构来实现提高非织造材料吸声性能的想法是可行的、有效的。复合后的非织造吸声材料除自身的优良吸声性能之外,还可与其它吸声材料如穿孔板、薄膜吸声材料等组合使用,更加行之有效的使用于各种需要吸声的环境。更多还原

【Abstract】 In recent years, the experts and scholars had done more and more research on sound absorption performance of the material in that people’s work and study had being disturbed by the ambient noise badly every day. Although there had been some applications of the existing sound absorption material in different areas, it still existed many shortcomings such as the poor adaptive faculty to the environment, the large volume which brought difficulties for the construction and installation, and the brittle property and easy to be broken off, which resulted in making the dust to pollute the environment and affected people’s health, and so on. Along with the strengthening environmental awareness of the people, a new type of sound absorption material is urgently needed, and nonwoven material with its natural three-dimensional network structure and characteristics such as porosity, flexibility and elasticity etc., is extremely suitable for sound absorption material in recent years. In addition, the nonwoven material also had characteristics such as the wide source of the raw material, the variety of the products, the simpleness of the producing process, the high rate of the labor productivity, the high output, the variety of the craft, the broad application and so on, therefore it was very bright for the application of the supatex fabric in sound absorption material area. Owing to this, combined with the existing research on the properties of sound absorption nonwoven material abroad, the paper put forward the idea that it could be taken into account from the point of its structure.Basing on the above concept, the test samples were made of nonwoven material with ten kinds of different structural combinations in the present task firstly, which considered the principle of sound absorption and, the bulk density and thickness that were the two important factors of the sound absorption material. On one hand considering their bulk density, the surface layers of the test samples were made of nonwoven material with slight bulk density in order to make the sound wave easier to enter into them, and the intermediate layers were made from greater bulk density in order to make the sound wave entered into them with more opportunities to contact the material. Both the two layers were composed by the craft similar to needle punch, which not only avoided the loss of slight holes brought by the adhesive, but also provided more opportunities touched with the sound wave due to the air layers formed by incomplete joints between layers. Therefore the sound absorption performance of the material was more effectively enhanced. On the other hand, according to the experimental conclusion, the thickness of the sound absorption material was increased gradually from smallest thickness until it achieved the final operation requirements, and the sound absorption material made like this was more flexible than it commonly used at present, and even more reasonable in using resources. Finally, the glass fiber cloth was fixed on its surface in order to guarantee that the holes in the nonwoven material were unimpeded.It indicated that the idea that the sound absorption performance of the nonwoven material was improved by the changed structures was feasible and effective through the test for the test samples on the method of standing wave and the analysis of the SPSS statistics software. Moreover, besides its own good sound absorption performance, it could be combined with other sound absorption material such as perforation plate, film sound absorption material and so on, which was more effectively applied in various surroundings needed sound absorption.更多还原