政府采购中的供应商权利保障机制研究

【作者】 李平；

【导师】 韩志红；

【作者基本信息】 天津师范大学 ， 经济法学， 2008， 硕士

【摘要】 供应商权利的保障是政府采购法律制度的重要内容之一,它不仅关系到政府采购市场的平稳有序以及良性发展,而且关乎国有资产的合理使用和保值增值,因为政府采购使用的采购资金属于国有资产。虽然我国2003年颁布实施了《政府采购法》,对供应商的权利的保障作了初步的规定,但还存在着诸多的问题,使得供应商的权利保障机制并不完善。笔者在本文中运用规范研究的方法,以案例做引子重点分析了供应商权利的属性以及享有的权利内容,采购人与供应商的法律地位及二者之间的法律关系,根据现有的供应商权利保障中出现的实际问题和国外的立法经验,对建立全面的供应商权利保障机制提出了自己的立法建议:全文共分四部分。第一部分利用案例研究的方法,提出了目前供应商权利保障机制最值得关注的两个问题:其一,供应商是否拥有民事诉讼的救济途径;其二,供应商是否可以直接提起行政公益诉讼。笔者从典型案例的分析中提出了解决上述两个问题的方向性的建议。随后笔者从供应商权利的保障关乎政府采购市场的健康发展、国有资产的保护以及社会公正实现三个角度论述了完善供应商权利保障机制的必要性即意义所在。第二部分主要论述了政府采购主体双方的法律地位及其法律关系的性质。这也是完善供应商权利保障机制的根源所在。笔者首先从政府采购的特殊性开始谈起,讲述政府采购活动的特殊性根源于政府采购客体的特殊性。政府采购的客体是国有资产,采购人因使用国有资产参与政府采购活动从而拥有了国库代表的身份。政府采购活动是平等市场交易主体之间的民事交易行为,供应商作为一方当事人而拥有民事主体身份。供应商还是拥有公民权利的社会成员。二者之间平等的市场交易法律关系因关乎公共利益而定性在公私混合型法律关系上。第三部分论述了供应商应享有的基本权利及其权利属性。《政府采购法》中规定了政府采购活动应遵循公平、公正、公开三项基本原则,并由此确定了供应商应享有知情权和公平竞争权。知情权和公平竞争权是公私混合型的权利,不仅因其既是财产性权利和人身性权利而具有私权利属性,还因其是法定权利和积极性权利而拥有公权利特征。第四部分主要结合供应商权利保障机制的现状及其缺陷,提出了重构供应商权利保障机制的立法建议。在供应商主动寻求救济方面,要赋予供应商直接提起民事诉讼的救济权利,要确认供应商提起公益诉讼的资格和直接提起行政诉讼的权利。在公权力救济方面,要结合政府救济和社会救济两方面的力量以构建多元化的政府采购监督机制,保障供应商的合法权利。这项研究具有以下意义:其一,完善供应商权利保障机制可以调动供应商参与政府采购的积极性,繁荣政府采购市场;其二,政府采购中的采购资金属于国有资产,加强对供应商权利的保障可以同时督促采购人安全使用国有资产;第三,采购人作为公共利益的代表而享有一定的特殊权利,这导致了供应商权利受侵害的可能,完善供应商权利保障机制可以平衡二者的利益关系,从而实现社会公正。更多还原

【Abstract】 The guarantee of supplier right is one of the important contents which the government buys law system, it not only relates to a government to buy a market of steady have preface and positive development and pass the reasonable usage of state-owned property with protect a value to increase in value, because government purchase usage of the purchase funds belong to a state-owned property.Although the our country promulgated to carry out in 2003 The government purchase method, made to the guarantee of right of supplier initial of provision, still exist many problems, make the right guarantee of supplier’s mechanism isn’t perfect. The writer makes use of the method of norm research in this text, doing to lead a sub-point to analyze the attribute of supplier right by case and possessing of right contents, buy person and the law of the of the law position and twos of supplier to relate to, according to existing supplier right guarantee in the actual problem for appearing and lawmaking experience of the abroad, to built up an overall supplier right’s guarantee’s mechanism to put forward own lawmaking suggestion.The full text is totally divided into a four-part. The first part make use of the method of case research, putting forward currently the guarantee mechanism of the supplier right the most worthy of two problems for paying attention to: first, whether supplier own the save path of civil case in court or not; second, whether supplier can bring up administration litigation directly or not. The writer puts forward understanding from the analysis of the typical model case the directive suggestion of[with] two above-mentioned problems definitely. The writer closes from the guaranteeing of supplier right later on government purchase market of healthy development, state-owned property of protection and society fair carried out three angles to discuss perfect supplier right a guarantee the necessity of mechanism namely meaning place.The second part mainly discussed the law position of both parties of the government purchase corpus and the property of its law relation. This is also the source place of perfect guarantee mechanism of the supplier right. The writer joins the government the special of mansion purchase to start starting to talk about first, relating the special sex source of the government purchase activity the special of the body in the government purchase guest. The guest body of government purchase is a state-owned property, purchase the person participate the identity that the government purchase activity owned representative in the national treasury thus because of using a state-owned property. The government purchase activity is the civil case that the equal market trades of corpus to trade behavior, the supplier is one square party concerned but own a civil case corpus identity. The supplier still owns the social member of citizen right. Of twos equal market trade law relation because of pass public benefits but settle sex is in Mr. private mixture type law relation up. The third part discussed supplier and should possess of basic right and it right attribute. The government purchase method medium ruled a government a purchase an activity should follow fair, fair, publicly three basic principles, and make sure supplier from here to should possess to know what happened power and fair competition power. Knowing what happened power and fair competition power is the right of the male and private mixture types, not only because it since is the property right and Human body right but have a private right attribute, return to own a civic rights benefit characteristic because it is a legal rights with aggressive sex right.Four-part cent mainly combine present condition and its blemish of the guarantee mechanism of the supplier right, put forward heavy lawmaking suggestion of mechanism of the right guarantee of the supplier. Relieve aspect from the dint at the supplier, give supplier to bring up the save right of civil case in court directly, confirm supplier to bring up the qualifications of public welfare litigation and bring up the right of administration litigation directly. Relieve aspect in the civic rights, combine the government save and society relieve both side of the strength set up the purchase direct of diversified government mechanism, guaranteeing the legal right of supplier.更多还原