3种野生地被植物绿化应用生态性能研究

【作者】 程转宏；

【导师】 多立安；

【作者基本信息】 天津师范大学 ， 植物学， 2008， 硕士

【摘要】 本文以研究野生地被植物紫花地丁、车前和匍枝委陵菜在城市地被绿化中的生态应用为目的,通过用生理生态指标及光合参数、叶绿素荧光参数系统地分析了它们的耐践踏性、耐荫性及遮荫条件下紫花地丁对刈割的响应,测定了它们在天然群落中不同水分环境下的竞争力,并研究了紫花地丁和黑麦草在不同水分条件下的竞争关系。结果表明:3种野生地被植物的耐践踏性顺序为:车前＞紫花地丁＞匍枝委陵菜;车前耐践踏是因其纤维素含量高,紫花地丁耐践踏是因其在践踏受损后恢复较快。遮荫对车前的Fv/Fm没有显著影响,而紫花地丁的Fv/Fm在轻度遮荫水平比对照升高2.02%;二者的光饱和点和光补偿点随着遮荫程度加重不断降低,紫花地丁下降的幅度小于车前。说明紫花地丁耐荫性较强,在透光率为50.00%的光照条件下生长最好,在透光率为25.00%的光照条件下能正常生长;相比较而言,车前耐荫性较差,透光率为25.00%光照条件不利于其生长。在遮荫条件下,刈割使紫花地丁的单株叶片数升高,叶面积、地上生物量、比叶重降低,紫花地丁的叶绿素含量、可溶性总糖含量和MDA降低;对紫花地丁的净光合速率的影响不大,使Fv/Fm、Fv’/Fm’和qN降低,使qP升高。在同一水分条件下,匍枝委陵菜的竞争力、竞争强度显著（p＜0.05）高于紫花地丁和车前;竞争力与其在群落中的重要值呈正相关。紫花地丁属耐压力型植物,黑麦草属竞争型植物。当土壤水分条件为充裕的高梯度T₁时,紫花地丁对黑麦草的相对拥挤系数RCC为0.2122（根系分开的混植组合MI₁）和0.3064（根系不分开的混植组合MI₂）,表明其竞争力弱于黑麦草,而在较低的水分梯度T₂时,其RCC为1.3732（MI₁）和1.4984（MI₂）,表明紫花地丁的竞争力强于黑麦草。更多还原

【Abstract】 In order to study the application of three wild groundcover plants:Viola yedoensis Makino,Plantago asiatica L.Potentilla flagellaris Willd ex Schlecht in the city virescence,the traffic tolerance,shade tolerance of them and response of Viola yedoensis Makino to mowing under shading were analysed with physiological and ecological indics,photosynthetic parameters and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters. The competitiveness was measured in the natural herbs community that developed from the degradated artificial turf under different water conditions by using perturbation experiment and the competition between Viola yedoensis Makino and Lolium perenne was studied under different water conditions.The results showed that their traffic tolerance order was as follows:Plantago asiatica L.＞Viola yedoensis Makino＞Potentilla flagellaris Willd ex Schlecht.Plantago asiatica L.is traffic tolerance because of its high cellulose content,Viola yedoensis Makino is traffic tolerance because of its rapid recovery after traffic.The Fv/Fm of Plantago asiatica L.did not change significantly（p＜0.05）under shading,that of Viola yedoensis Makino increased 2.02%compared with the control under light shading levels.As shading stress increased,the light saturation point and the light compensation point of the two plants decreased.The rate of decline in Viola yedoensis Makino was lower than Plantago asiatica L.By Comprehensive analysis,Viola yedoensis Makino is a strong shade-tolerant plant.It could grow well under the condition that light transmittance rate was 50.00%and grew normally under 25.00%.Compared with Viola yedoensis Makino,Plantago asiatica L.was poor shade-tolerant.It could not grow well under the condition that light transmittance rate was 25.00%.Under the shade conditions,mowing increased the number of leaves per plant of Viola yedoensis Makino,decreased the leaf area,aboveground biomass,leaf weight ratio of Viola yedoensis Makino,lowered chlorophyll content,total soluble sugar content and MDA, reduced Fv/Fm,Fv’/Fm’ and qN and increased qP.But mowing had little impact on the net photosynthetic rate of Viola yedoensis Makino.Under the same water conditions,the competitiveness of Potentilla flagellaris Willd ex Schlecht is significantly（p＜0.05）higher than that of Viola yedoensis Makino and Planlago asiatica L.Their competitiveness was positively related to the important values in community.Viola yedoensis Makino is pressure-resistant plant and Lolium perenne is competitive plant.With high soil moisture（T₁）,the RCC of Viola yedoensis Makino to Lolium perenne is 0.2122（MI₁）and 0.3064（MI₂）,indicating competitiveness of Viola yedoensis Makino is poorer than that of Lolium perenne.With low soil moisture （T₂）,the RCC of Viola yedoensis Makino to Lolium perenne is 1.3732（MI₁）and 1.4984（MI₂）,indicating competitiveness of Viola yedoensis Makino is stronger than that of Lolium perenne.更多还原