【作者】 徐芳；

【导师】 杨胜发； 崔予达；

【作者基本信息】 重庆交通大学 ， 水利工程， 2008， 硕士

【摘要】 码头工程修建后会改变原有的水流特性,从而对河道通航、行洪、河势稳定、堤围安全带来一定的影响,如果码头型式选择及码头布置不合理,甚至可能导致较大危害。通过本研究,可为将来山区河道码头工程设计、建设和管理提供一定的理论依据和参考。本文采用概化水槽试验和理论分析相结合的研究方法,研究了37组次不同条件下的码头工程对山区河道水位的影响及24组次不同条件下的码头工程对山区河道流速的影响,探讨了各类码头工程的最大水位壅高值ΔZ与工程上游壅水范围ΔL的影响因素和计算公式,并根据实测数据分析了各类码头工程附近的流速变化情况,得到如下主要结论:1.码头工程的相对最大水位壅高值(ΔZ/H)主要与其阻水面积率ε、弗汝德数Fr、码头工程结构型式有关,并根据试验数据得出了计算码头工程(丁坝、单排桩)的相对最大水位壅高值(ΔZ/H)的关系式(4.15)。对群桩式码头工程,群桩的相对最大水位壅高值(ΔZ/H)介于丁坝与单排桩的相对最大水位壅高值(ΔZ/H)之间,在桩的排数大于2以后,排数对相对最大水位壅高值(ΔZ/H)的影响很小。2.对试验中各种码头工程而言,在最大水位壅高值ΔZ不大的情况下,用(4.9)式估算码头工程的壅水范围是可行的。3.工程对附近河段的最大流速增值与影响范围,均随工程阻水能力和附近流速的增加而增长。工程结构的阻水能力越强,流速越大,造成的工程河段最大流速增值越大,影响范围越广。4.从流速变化的平面分布上看,工程前沿至对岸的上、下游流速会增加,工程侧的上、下游流速会减小。工程造成的最大流速增幅,基本分布于工程前沿且向下游偏向河心的狭长带。更多还原

【Abstract】 The flow characteristics can be changed after the built of dock project, which may cause disadvantage effects on navigation, flood control and river regime. If the type and arrangement of dock is unreasonable, big disaster maybe occurred. In this paper, the flow characteristics near the dock is studied, which can be referred to the field dock project.In this paper, the methods of generalized flume experiment and theoretical analysis are applied. 37 groups experimentation for the purpose of studying the effect of dock on water level and 24 groups experimentation of studying the effect of dock on flow velocity are analyzed. Based the results of experimentations, the maximum height and limit of damming of water level and its affected factors are discussed, and the situation of flow velocity around the dock is also studied.The conclusions of this paper can be summarized:1. The relative maximum height of damming of water level near the dock is mainly related with the area of damming of dock、the Froude number and the styles of dock structure. The formula 4.15 of the relative maximum height of damming of water level is gained based on the experimental data. To the relative maximum height of pile cluster, if the piles number exceeds 2, the piles number is less effect on the relative maximum height of damming.2. Under the condition of lower height of maximum damming of water level, the formulation 4.9 can be used to evaluate the damming limit.3. The maximum increment of velocity and influence domain of dock has the relation of direct ratio with the damming area and velocity.4. The velocity of flow in the area upper to dock and behind of dock will be decreased and the velocity in the rest area will be increased.The maximum increment of velocity caused by dock is distributed in the region from the front of dock to the central line of the downstream reach.更多还原