【作者】 陈泓冰；

【导师】 李北东；

【作者基本信息】 四川师范大学 ， 马克思主义理论与思想政治教育， 2008， 硕士

【摘要】 社会主义新农村建设具有建设主体的广泛性、内容全面性、布局层次性、方式多样性、过程长期性等特点,它是以工业化为基础的,由政府整体推进的工农业协调发展,是相关制度的配套完善,是城乡统筹发展,具有丰富的内涵。农村基层政府是国家政权的一个重要组成部分,在国家政权中居于“基石”位置,与微观社的农村组织和农民个人的联系更直接、更密切、更广泛、更多样。农村基层政府治理的好坏,直接关系着农村的经济发展、政治稳定以及民主制度的有效运行。根据西方治理理论的主要观点:治理主体的多元化,治理过程中公共责任界限的模糊性,治理过程中社会机构之间存在合作与制衡,治理过程中自主自治网络体系的建立,治理理论要求政府角色重新定位。农村基层政府治理就是要让农村基层政府不再是管理过程中的“老大”,要在解决公共事务的过程中必须与其他社会组织进行谈判和博弈,双方在此基础上充分合作,发挥彼此优势,相互依赖,相互支持,并参照“善治”的要求:合法性,透明性,责任性,回应性,有效性体现出新农村建设进程中不断加强农村基层政府的治理能力。农村基层政府治理中存在农村基层政府自身定位不准,基层政权结构失衡,政绩评价体制不完善,基层财政困难,基层整合能力较差等问题。我国学者提出了乡镇自治,乡政府派出,“公推直选”乡镇领导,强化乡镇式等农村基层政府治理的模式。要解决以上模式存在的不足,应该从合理划分农村基层政府权力,重新定位农村基层政府职能;调整和改革现行政绩评价体系;改革现行财政体制,完善乡镇公共财政体系;加强农村基层自组织建设,提高治理能力;鼓励“第三部门”发展,实现治理主体多元化等方面加强我国农村基层政府治理。更多还原

【Abstract】 New socialist countryside construction has the characteristics of universality of the constructing subjects, comprehensiveness of the content, rationality of the arrangement, variety of the manner, chronicity of the procedure. Based on the industrialization, it undergoes a coordinated development of the industry and agriculture impelled by the government as a whole, with complete facilities of the related systems and urban and rural balance development. Rural local government is an important component of the national political power, standing in a“cornerstone”position, and taking a more direct, more close, more extensive and varied relations with the rural organizations and individual farmers. The management of the rural local government is directly related to the development of the rural economy, stabilization of the politics and effective operation of the democracy. According to the main viewpoints of the western administrative theory, such as pluralism of the governing bodies, fuzziness of the public liability boundary, cooperation and balance of the social institutions and the construction of the self-governing and self-management network system in the governing process, all of these requires that the government should conduct a reposition for its role. The management to the rural local government requires that the local government, no longer as the number one in the managing and administrative process, should negotiate with other social organizations in the process of dealing with the public affaires. Based on the full cooperation, both parties should make full use of each advantages, rely on and support each other in order to strengthen the administrative ability of the local government in the process of new socialist countryside construction based on the requirements of the“Good management”, that is, validity, transparence, accountability and answer backing. Some problems existing in the rural local government management lies in inaccurate position to local government of its own, structural imbalance of the local political power, unsound political achievement appraisal system, difficult finance and poor integrating ability. The scholars of our country put forward a model of autonomy of villages and towns, that is, the leaders of villages and towns would be sent by the village government and through public recommendation as well as direct election. In order to overcome the shortcomings of the above patterns, the local government power should be rationally divided, the local government functions should be repositioned, the current political achievement appraisal system should be adjusted and reformed; besides, the current fiscal institution should be reformed, public fiscal system should be completed; the construction of rural local organization should be strengthened and its governing ability should be promoted; furthermore, the development of the“third section”should be encouraged, strengthening the rural local government management from the perspective of pluralism of the governing bodies.更多还原