【作者】 汪鹭；

【导师】 赵景峰；

【作者基本信息】 四川师范大学 ， 人文地理学， 2008， 硕士

【摘要】 水资源的的可持续利用是我国西北生态环境脆弱地区社会经济可持续发展的关键问题。位于新疆天山中部的博斯腾湖(简称:博湖)曾被认为是我国内陆地区最大的淡水湖【1】,其水资源储量对当地的经济发展和生态环境具有重要意义。近几十年来,气候因素及水土开发活动造成了入湖河流径流量的不稳定,给博湖流域工农业生产带来了一定程度的影响。为了协调博湖流域自身需水量与中下游生态用水量的关系,评估博湖流域气候变化和人类活动对地表径流的影响,本文利用1956-2005年期间在博湖流域3条主要河流开都河、黄水沟、清水河的流量实测资料,结合巴音布鲁克、焉耆等5个气象站的降水、气温要素的同期观测数据,利用差分积分曲线的方法,对1956 -2005年期间的河流径流量、降水量等水文要素进行了“高/低流量相”的分析,并结合年均气温的变化趋势。研究结果表明:河流年际径流量在时间序列上,清水河于1959年就进入低流量,而开都河与黄水沟从1972年开始偏枯,到1988年为止这三条河的径流均呈现低流量;博湖流域最大入湖河流—开都河,在低流量时期(即,1973-1988年期间),中、下游河段的年径流量下降幅度明显大于上游河段。对于河流径流量的季节变化,以开都河为例,在1972-2005年期间,增长季节(4-9月)中、下游径流量的下降率是上游的2-2.5倍;非增长季节(10-次年3月)这种变化不明显。这表明开都河在偏枯年份,河流的中、下游年径流量受人为活动的影响较大,水土开发对河流径流量的影响主要表现在增长季节。这可对以博斯腾湖为代表的干旱区水资源合理配置提供科学依据,并对当地的水资源高效利用即工农业生产具有指导意义。更多还原

【Abstract】 Water resource persistent utilization is the key question to the sustainable development of social economy of fragile area in China Northwest entironment. Boston Lake, located in the central of Xinjiang Tien Shan , was regarded as the biggest fresh water lack of inland of our country and its water resource reserve played an important role to the local economy development and ecological environment. From recent several decades, due to the climate factor and influence of natural environment development, it caused unstable river discharge so that caused Boston Lake drainage area appearing continuous wet and dry years.In order to analyze the river discharge and discharge process of upper and middle streams of Boston Lake, estimate the influence to surface runoff from Boston lake drainage area’s climate change and human activity and coordinate relationship between Boston Lake itself water demand and ecological water consumption of middle and down streams, utilizing hydrology and weather data from 1956 to 2005 and analyzing river discharge inpoured to Boston Lake, this paper uses integro-difference curve to analyze high/low discharge phenomenon and gets a result that Kaidu river and Huangshui channel were low discharge from 1972, Qingshui river came into low discharge from 1959 and low discharge of these three rivers were lasting to 1988. Compared with river discharge before 1972, the descend rate of up stream’s discharge of Kaidu river was inferior to downstream. The up stream’s change is due to unstable of nature and the downstream is due to climate and human activity. Therefore, directed at up stream and downstream of Kaidu river respectively, this paper studies river discharge characteristics in growing season (from April t Sept.) and non-growing season (from Oct. to March of the coming year). In the middle and downstream of the river, river discharge was stable around 1972 in non-growing season. However, from 1972 to 2005, the descend rate of river discharge of downstream was twice to half and twice lower than up stream. This was mainly caused by human activity. Therefore, we can safely conclude that during low discharge period, human activity is the dominating factor to the change of middle and down stream’s river discharge around 1972.In the inland of Northwest area, there isn’t perfect hydrological drainage model can be used for corresponding numerical model of climate change and water resource. Referring to overseas integro-difference dividing high/low flow method, this paper analyzes flow data of main rivers of Boston Lake, such as Kaidu river, Yanqi, Baolang Sumu river hydrological station, Huangshui channel and Qingshui river, studies space-time distributing specific rule of five decades’river discharge, estimates response of river discharge to climate and human activity and hopes to provide some concrete theory for establishing attempering water resource proposal of continuous wet and dry years of Boston Lake located in rainless region.更多还原