【作者】 王东；

【导师】 张莉；

【作者基本信息】 大连理工大学 ， 电机与电器， 2008， 硕士

【摘要】 超级电容器是一种具有高能量密度的新型储能元器件,它可提供超大功率并具有超长的寿命,是一种兼备电容和电池特性的新型元件,在混合动力电动车、脉沖电源系统和应急电源等领域具有广泛的应用前景。对于大功率储能系统来说,为了满足容量和电压等级的需要,一般是由多个超级电容器串联和并联的组合方式构成。然而超级电容器在串并联使用时,单体电容器参数的分散性是制约其寿命和可靠性的主要因素。因此,为了提高储能效率,对超级电容器组合进行电压均衡管理具有十分重要的意义。本文针对超级电容器串联使用时充电电压的均衡问题,对超级电容器组充放电均衡技术进行了研究,通过对现有均衡技术的分析和讨论,确定采用单电容均压方案,并利用DSP控制技术,设计了一个基于DSP控制的超级电容组电压均衡系统,解决超级电容器串联电压均衡问题。该系统主要由参数采集、PWM信号输出、开关网络控制等部分组成。系统以DSP为控制核心,采用了一只电解电容器作为中间电容传递能量,通过实时电压、电流及温度监测将采集到的信号,经A/D转换器后,送入DSP处理,系统根据得到的电压、电流信息判断电容的充放电状态,控制PWM信号的输出,进而驱动开关网络的切换,使能量在单体电容器之间快速传递,从而实现均压控制。最后,对该系统进行了仿真和实验研究,通过对上述数据的分析比较可以看出,采用此种方案进行均衡后,超级电容组单体的电压在充电过程中达到了较好的一致性。本文设计的超级电容组电压均衡系统用于串联超级电容组的充放电均衡控制,既可实现静态均衡也可实现动态均衡。与其他均衡方案相比,该系统具有电压均衡速度快,均衡效果好的优点。更多还原

【Abstract】 Supercapacitor can provide very high power and has long life as a new device with high energy density. It has both capacitor and battery characteristics, which has great potential for applications on electric vehicles, pulsed power systems and emergency power supply. In order to meet the voltage levels for high power energy storage system, numbers of supercapacitors should be connected in series and parallel. But the dispersion of the capacitors used in series and parallel is the main factor that restrains their life and reliability. So the voltage balance of the capacitor stacks is of great important.This paper is to design a voltage balance system based on DSP, which uses one electrolytic capacitor, after analyzing the existing equalization technology. The system is consisted of parameter acquisition, PWM output and switch network. A DSP is used as the control core of the system and an electrolytic capacitor is used for transferring energy. Signals collected by monitoring system are sent to DSP through A/D converter. After processing by DSP, the PWM signal is put out depending on an enacted equalization strategy to drive the switch net, As a result, energy will be transferred between capacitor cells and the voltage differences will be reduced. Finally, the simulation and experimental data are analyzed. A conclusion can be draw that this method achieve a good balance result through comparing the data.The system is used on charge or discharge of supercapacitor stacks, it can achieve static and dynamic balance. Compared with other methods, it has a higher balance speed and better effect.更多还原