【作者】 周游；

【导师】 许士国；

【作者基本信息】 大连理工大学 ， 水文学及水资源， 2008， 硕士

【摘要】 洪水是我国频繁发生的自然灾害之一,严重威胁着国民的生命安全并制约着社会经济的发展,为了防御洪水和减少洪灾损失,需要采取一系列防洪减灾措施。洪水风险图是实施洪水管理的重要手段和基础。制作洪水风险图,需要可靠的信息支持,选择科学的方法,建立可靠而高效的模型。本文通过对数值模拟技术在洪水风险图的编制中的研究,探讨了洪水风险图制作的关键技术要求,阐述了当前在洪水风险分析、洪水风险评价以及洪水风险图制作等方面的技术手段和做法。本论文主要进行了以下几方面的研究:1)洪水风险计算是绘制洪水风险图的核心内容,以水力学方法进行洪水风险分析计算,建立研究区域的一维洪水演进水动力模型是洪水风险分析计算的基础;2)糙率是一维水动力模型的重要参数,针对影响河道糙率参数的因素比较复杂,很难确定的问题,根据历史洪水模拟结果,率定不同洪水级别的糙率参数;3)针对风险图编制过程中,河道内不同频率的洪水对堤防的破坏程度不同,出现险情的位置和范围难以确定的问题,建立一维河道洪水演进模型,并根据模拟结果,通过对比模拟水位与堤顶的高程,划分堤防的风险级别,并对左堤进行合理的险情预测分析;4)溃口扩展方式的设计是直接影响淹没泛滥计算的重要因素,针对土堤漫顶造成的溃堤事件,搭建合理的溃堤模型,为二维淹没计算提供可靠的上边界条件。更多还原

【Abstract】 Flood disaster is one of natural disaster frequently occurring in China. The human’s life and safety are seriously threatened and its smooth will restrict social development of economy. In order to defend the flood and reduce flood disaster loss, we need take a series of measures for disaster reduction. Flood hazard map is an essential tool and basis for flood management. Flood hazard mapping should have reliably data, scientific method, establishing a reliable and high- efficient model. Through the research on numerical simulation techniques in flood hazard mapping in this paper, the key techniques in flood hazard mapping are presented. Advanced method and practice in flood risk analysis, flood risk assessment as well as flood hazard mapping adopted internationally are introduced.Researchers have been carried on the following aspects: 1) Flood risk calculation is the core content of flood hazard mapping, Flood risk analysis and calculation are researched by hydraulic method, establishing one-dimensional flood-routing model of the river channel is the basis of flood risk analysis and calculation, 2) Roughness is the most important parameter of the one-dimensional hydraulic model, to influencing factors of roughness is very complexity,and it’s difficult to determined what the roughness is, according to the simulation results of the historical flood, determined the roughness on the different discharge levels, 3) To different frequency of flood have different degree of damage to the dike for flood hazard mapping, while the position and the range of the risk of the dike is difficult to confirm, establish one-dimensional flood-routing model of the river channel, According to simulation results, through comparing elevation of embankment top and water level of simulation, and divided the grade of the risk, prediction and analysis of risk on the left dike based on the results, 4) The design of the breach geometry changing with the time, is the most important factor to effect on the result of two-dimensional submerged simulation, the dike will break caused by earth dike overtopping, establishing dambreak model reasonably, will provide reliable data and upper boundary for two dimensions flood routing.更多还原