【作者】 李可欣；

【导师】 孙瑞；

【作者基本信息】 吉林大学 ， 中国古代史， 2008， 硕士

【摘要】 《战国纵横家书》中的上行文书,在战国文化历史的发展中占有重要一席之地。本文使用历史学和文书学的方法,试对《战国纵横家书》中的上行文书进行阐述。文中首先对《战国纵横家书》的出土及成书作了交待,同时介绍了研究的概况及意义。而后对《战国纵横家书》中上行文书的来源和产生进行了考述。在此基础上,又进一步分析了《战国纵横家书》中上行文书的种类及内容,并交待了《战国纵横家书》中上行文书的撰制及特点,接着对《战国纵横家书》中上行文书的功能及作用作了分析。更多还原

【Abstract】 The up amanuenses recorded in the books written by the speakers lived in Waning States have its own pecularities in style or diction. The up amanuenses are prevalent in Warring States which quited after Zhanguo period. However it plays an important role in the Zhanguo period.The excavating, research concerned, significance of the up amanuenses are introduced in the preface which is a preparation for the following study about the up amanuenses.The main text is divided into four chapters.In the first chapter, the existence and origin of the up amanuenses are discussed. First section, it is narrating from the angle of origin. The recordation of the historians is the direct reason for origin. The speakers’ pupils constantly copy or save the up amanuenses written by the speakers in order to be an official and this is the indirect reason. Secondly section, it is narrating from the angle of existence. The up amanuenses are an avenue to be an official for the speakers at in Zhanguo period. It is uneasy for the baron class to be an official through electing officials for the unreasonable mechanism of electing officials. They have to get a position through the up amanuenses. The two points are the social reasons for the existence of the up amanuenses. It is a way for the speakers to work such as carrying information, replying to the monarch’s orders and promoting to hand in amanuenses. All of these activities are also the direct reasons.In the second chapter, the sorts and contents of the up amanuenses are discussed. According to the sorts and contents, it is divided into five sorts which are abdicating amanuenses, the amanuenses for applying for a position, the amanuenses for asking for help, information amanuenses, persuading amanuenses. As far as each sort is concerned, the difination is made first, the explanation of the difination with the origional literatures is made and then demonstrate some key words, the background of the up amanuenses is summrized and the contents of the up amanuenses are analyzed exhaustively at last.In the third chapter, the writing and characteristics of the up amanuenses are discussed. It is discussed from the angle of writing in the first paragraph. The narration of the up amanuenses’ constucture is given and meanwhile sum up its four styles. We find the style is not integral which accounts for the immaturity of the system of the amanuenses. It is discussed from the angle of characteristics in the second paragraph. The up amanuenses have five characteristics. One, there are two aims in the diction of the up amanuenses whose diction is more opaque and dainty. Two, the diction is not straightforward but tortuous and clear in arrangement. Three, the diction often shows the officials’ struggle for the monarch’s interest, the emotion of standing by the monarch rain or shine. The officials’ confident and winning mend is exhibited spreading all over the diction. They persuade the monarch into adopting their advice with nice future and their loyalty. Namely, touching the monarch with heart. Four, the up amanuenses are high in contents, diction and conception, but not perfect in style compared to the up amanuenses of Qinhan times. Five, the up amanuenses are less colorful but more simple than saying and there are less sutras in the up amanuenses.In the fourth chapter, the functions of the up amanuenses are discussed. The first function is that it is an important card for the monarch to get information. The delivering of the up amanuenses is safe, timely and cryptic. The is able to take further steps to maintain the country’s rights after the monarch gets the political, military, diplomatic information. The second is to reconcile the officials to the monarch. The up amanuenses are avenues for the officials to communicate with the monarch. The outdoor speakers will have difficulty in communicating in the face of the monarch when they have strain relationship. So, the up amanuenses are an available agent.更多还原