【作者】 彭飞；

【导师】 沈文凡；

【作者基本信息】 吉林大学 ， 中国古代文学， 2008， 硕士

【摘要】 柳宗元、刘禹锡作为中国文学史、思想史上的两位重量级人物,在人生遭际上有诸多相似之处。二人年龄相若,并于贞元九年(公元793年)同榜登第,之后不久又以极高的政治热情参加了以王叔文、王伾为首的永贞改革运动,在当时政坛的地位举足轻重,在革新运动中发挥了不容忽视的积极作用。但好景不常,由于触动了宦官集团和藩镇的根本利益,在两种反动势力的联合镇压之下,永贞革新运动归于失败。这也成为他们人生中的重要转折。刘禹锡被贬为朗州司马;柳宗元被贬为永州司马。十年后又分别迁官更为遥远的连州和柳州,均可谓仕途坎坷。然而“欢愉之辞难工,穷苦之言易好”,正是不幸的人生际遇反倒玉成了他们在文学史中所取得的巨大成就。二人在创作上自出机杼,独标风致,尤其在寓言文学的创作上更是获得了巨大的成功。他们借助这种起源于先秦时期的古老文学样式,加以创造性的发挥,对当代腐朽的政治环境予以批判,对身处社会底层的劳动人民予以同情,对种种炎凉冷暖的人情世态予以揭露,使寓言文学在唐代获得了新生并取得飞跃式的发展,并对晚唐皮日休、罗隐、陆龟蒙等人的讽刺小品文也产生了不容忽视的影响。而且经由透视柳宗元、刘禹锡寓言文学的创作也可看到二人遭贬时的复杂心态和对人生理想追求的独到见解。通过对其寓言作品的解读、剖析力图还原并展示两位文坛巨子的内心深层空间。更多还原

【Abstract】 Fable literary has long history in our country. This type of writing not only show which character, but also short and smart in it’s peace of writing. It can be the cavairyman of literature, then play a positive role to creat Chinese national ideology and enrich the Chinese national language.Fable prose already developed before Qin. Chunqiu and Zhanguo time philosophical thinking and literature created highly develop both get widely growing place. But it’s a little pity, during this time until Tang Dynasty, in nearly thousand years fable prose never get real development because of many control.Before Liu Zongyuan and Liu Yuxi, prose field was influence by Six Dynasty, so not got achievement as poem, excellent fable not much. In the Tang Dynasty, Li hua、Xiao Yingshi、Yuan jie、Du Gu ji and etc. these group wise men as a pioneer of ancient language style creat a little exellent fable prose. After AnSHi changing, time step to middle age Tang Dynasty, social contradictory more acute, Han yu and Liu Zongyuan rise the flag of restore ancient ways to reform the literature. Because Li ao and Huang Fu shi positive support, ancient language movement so got great achievement. As a leader of this group, Han yu more success in fable prose writing. Generally, even Han yu open a new area in fable prose, but artistic achievement not very high. So the task of recover the fable prose and to leap develop must rely on Liu Zongyuan.Great poet Liu Yuxi got the achievement not as same as Liu Zongyuan. He put main point on poem creating. Before Liu Yuxi, Chinese ancient fable poem already show it’s clear line. Far after the SHiJing, in which has”Bin feng, chi xiao”was the earliest poem about animal, already has it original style. The Han Dynasty had“The Fish Pass the River with Tears”show character from poem to fable. Three States Time the poem”Seven Steps Poem”,”Siskin on the Field”of Chao zhi mainly have the fable poem character. But because no people follow at that time, so fable poem not more creative. After long time solitary of Wei and Jin Dynasty. Sui Dynasty fable poem start grow and ripe. First Tang Dynasty poet Wang Fanzhi, Han SHan zi and middle Tang Du fu, Wei Yingwu also step to fable poem. Because middle age Tang Dynasty social crisis more serious, the knowledge person heighten their duty so to show social evils. Bai Juyi like to propose”thing has it’s reason”so his creat of fable poem get a more success. But still Bai Juyi different from Liu Yuxi and Liu Zongyuan. Finally Bai Juyi failed because Liu Yuxi and Liu Zongyuan more shark in their articles.Liu Zongyuan and Liu Yuxi have nearly same age. Both reach to the top of the government examination in the same year [AD793]. Soon, they full of high political warmhearted took part in the Yong ZHen reform movement----a movement headed by Wang SHuwen and Wang pi. They play a decisive role in political circles. When reform movement failed Liu Yuxi was demoted to SiMa of Lang. Liu Zongyuan was demoted to SiMa of Yong. After ten years they were demoted to even far place----Lian and Liu. Both of them official lives were frustrations. Just because their human experience of misfortune cause them get a tremendous achievement in literary history, especially get a great success in their fable literary works. With the aid of this ancient literary style----it’s from Qin Dynasty. They increase a created development. Sum up defeatist experience of the Yong ZHen Reform., counterattack opponent’s slander show their good character, express their political view and decisive keep forging high----spirited attitude, faithful belief for reform still have many found in artistry, make fable literary get new life and leap development in Tang Dynasty. But also from see through Liu Zongyuan and Liu Yuxi and their fable literary creation you will know, at that time their original view of human ideal and mixed feelings when they were demoted.Later age Tang Dynasty many kind of social crisis rushed. Disaster keep going the masses live in dire poverty. Just at that time Pi Rixiu、Lu Guimeng and Luo yin etc draw in spirit from Liu Zongyuan and his fable prose and so on. They more brave than Liu when they reflect the seamy side and social life complicated. So they never speak evasively or cursing angrily. They creat the fable prose full of criticize color, political comment and literary aided, made a contribution to later age Tang Dynasty satirical literature’s thriving and glorious.更多还原