【作者】 王昆；

【导师】 李文祥；

【作者基本信息】 吉林大学 ， 社会保障学， 2008， 硕士

【摘要】 早在我国南北朝时期,机构养老就已经存在,它以官办的性质出现,主要功能是收养孤寡老人。明末清初是我国古代机构养老转型时期,由于小商品经济的发展,机构养老模式开始由官办型向民办官助型转换。新中国成立之后,机构养老依旧以政府包办的形式运作。直到改革开放后,我国引入市场经济,机构养老开始了当代转型,即由公办型转向社会型。虽然当代中国社会在价值取向、经济模式、社会文化等方方面面都与我国古代社会有了本质上的不同。但我国机机构养老的古今模式转换规律有相似之处。因此当代的机构养老既不能完全照搬古代模式,又要站在历史的角度上以古鉴今。本文正是站在这一立场上,分析古今机构养老模式转换的异同,以求对健全我国目前的机构养老模式有所助益。更多还原

【Abstract】 Pension agency had been existed since ancient, two major restructuring had happened on it from generation to the current development, ancient transition and contemporary transition. The ancient transition occurred around the late Ming and early Qing Dynasty. The mode of pension agency started changing from the government-run to private. Before the end of Ming Dynasty, each dynasty had special policies for the elderly. The government-run pension agency had been fixed as a national system. After the Ming and Qing Dynasty, on the one hand, due to political turmoil, financial crisis, social disorder, our nation had no energy to do with the pension agency. On the other hand, the development of commodity economy and the spread of Shan books, a new social class had been created. As far as their self-consciousness awakening, they hoped their social status affirmed, they started to run civil charitable cause. Then the civil charitable began flourishing endowment.However, the mode of contemporary pension agency changed around the reform and opening up. It changed from the public-run to social. After the founding of new China, a lot of pension agency had been established as the new China’s first. In this phase, the idea of the pension was to do relief, its funding mainly relied on government. Since reform and opening up, the competition mechanism had been introduced, a lot of pension agency which run by social organization or individual had emerged. The mode of pension agency had changed from public-run to social. The adoption target expanded from“three-no”and Junlieshu to any elderly who had enough money to pay for.The different social background, leaded to the different mode changing of pension agency. The ancient mode changing showed no-commercial development trend. But the contemporary mode changing showed commercial trend. Therefore, the future trend and related countermeasures should be different.更多还原