【作者】 卢清；

【导师】 庞小红； 姜家麒；

【作者基本信息】 上海交通大学 ， 控制工程， 2006， 硕士

【摘要】 舒适性空调是以满足在建筑物内部生活和工作的人或在建筑物内部作长期或短暂停留的人创造的最佳的建筑物内部环境为目的。与传统的空调系统不同,舒适性空调系统不光要满足调节冷暖的要求,而是要建立和维持符合人体舒适的建筑“气候”环境,实现人与建筑的和谐。因此舒适性空调包含了更多的内涵[1]。舒适性空调的首要任务是满足人们对建筑内部“气候”环境的要求。空调系统不光要能除了排出建筑物内部的热量外,维持建筑物的热、湿平衡外,还要能降低和排除危机人体健康的因数:人体呼吸和燃烧过程产生的二氧化碳气体、烟雾;建筑材料、装修材料和家具释放的VOC,杀灭建筑物内部的真菌、细菌和病毒,过滤进入建筑物内部的灰尘,减少不同区域间的空气的相互交换而造成的交叉感染,减少建筑物内潮湿的环境以减少细菌的滋生等。舒适性空调的第二个任务是节能降耗的要求[2]。随着我国城市的发展,建筑物数量不断迅速增加。HVAC(暖通空调)又是建筑物中的主要能耗源,在商业建筑物中,HVAC系统的能耗约占整个建筑物总能耗的50%以上,有些地区甚至达到70%以上[3]。一般HVAC系统的设计,绝大多数是针对全负荷工况进行设计的,而在实际使用的大多数时间里,系统则处于部分负荷下,舒适性空调强调在满足舒适性的前提下对能源使用的效率进行管理,大幅提高了空调系统的能源效率[4]。空调能耗管理在能源日益短缺的今天,越来越受到各方面的重视。舒适性空调系统强调对整个系统进行控制和管理,因此空调自动化系统是其必备的选项。通过空调自动化系统可以对空调主机、空调末端、水系统、冷却塔等子系统进行监控和管理,通过集散型的控制系统,用户可以实现自己的管理和控制的意图[5]。本文以南宁某市政工程空调自控系统为背景,对能源管理和舒适性空调系统的控制与管理进行深入细致的研究和探讨。在空调系统节能降耗方面:研究了多主机并联时,主机的最优负荷分配的能源管理的方法和效果;对一次变流量的冷冻水泵系统的控制方法提出了Fuzzy-PID联合控制的策略,即满足系统快速响应的需求,也避免了当负载变化,末端频繁投切而造成的系统失控现象[6]。最后提出最小静压法的变风量系统的控制方法,在满足系统送风量的情况下,通过最小静压法可以大幅降低送风系统节流造成的能源损耗,大幅提高了送风系统的效率。在舒适性的管理方面,本文提出了“按需通风”的概念,以“最优通风效率”为基础,在满足舒适性的前提下,对空调系统的新风量管理提出了Fuzzy-PID控制策略,力求舒适性和经济节能的统一。对于舒适性空调系统,传统的“控温不控湿”不能满足人们越来越高的要求,因此“控温控湿”和“恒温恒湿”越来越成为空调的应用的热点,本文提出温、湿解耦的方法,对送风系统的温度和湿度进行控制,很好的满足了舒适性的要求。更多还原

【Abstract】 The first target of Comfort Air condition System is to maintain the suitable indoor environment for the people. Comparing with the traditional A/C system, the comfort air condition system can not only adjust the indoor temperature, but also create“Suitable indoor environment”for people, including temperature and humidity control, CO2 and VOCs discharge, Virus and Bacteria sterilization, fresh air intake and air distribution design.The second goal of the Comfort Air Condition System is to reduce the power consumption and increase the power efficient for the building. With the China economic development, a lot of big buildings such as super-mall and skyscrapers have been built. According to statistic; in the commercial building, more than 50% to 70% percent of the power is used for the HVAC system, in order to meet the maximum cooling and heating demand, the HVAC system is designed to run in full load. But most of the working season for HVAC system is as part load. In order to saving the energy in part load situation, more and more engineers focus on the HVAC operation management and control logic design.A/C automation control system is the most important element for Comfort Air Condition System control and management. Though the A/C automation control system, we can operate, manage, collect the running data and pre-diagnose all the HVAC devices in on single central computer, the computer can communicate with chiller, water pump, cooling tower, piping system and AHU through the DDC.This paper is based on the HVAC application of Nanning government building to discuss ideas of the HVAC power management and comfort indoor environment maintenances. In order to reduce chiller power consumption in part load situation, the“start-up sequence based on the highest COP curve”is the good control strategy for multi-chillers system; for condensing water pump operation, this paper provide a Fuzzy-PID combining control logic for primary pump variable water flow volume system to meet the robust and accuracy. For AHU and VAV box, this paper also gives the“minimum static pressure”control logic.This paper also provides some good ideas for the“comfort indoor environment maintenance”, In order to improve the IAQ, the ventilation volume is most important for HVAC system, but high ventilation volume will also reduce the power efficient, in order to balance the power efficient and IAQ, this paper describes the Fuzzy-PID control logic for DCV (demand control ventilation), this paper also introduces how to separately control the indoor air temperature and humidity to meet the“constant temperature and humidity control”requirement.更多还原