【作者】 刘颖娜；

【导师】 王利民；

【作者基本信息】 大连海事大学 ， 民商法学， 2008， 硕士

【摘要】 民法典的制定,是市场经济发展到一定阶段的产物,也是社会进步的必然要求。其中有关自然人之问题更是备受关注。一方面对自然人能力的确定实属重要,另一方面行为能力作为能力的一种亦应引起足够重视。但由于种种原因,我国《民法通则》对自然人行为能力的规定未尽合理与周延。这无疑与弘扬私法精神的要求相差甚远。因此,本文拟从以下几个方面对自然人行为能力制度进行全面而系统的研究,提出制度重构建议,以期对我国民事立法之完善有所裨益。首先,概述自然人行为能力一般理论,分析其与法律行为、意思能力、权利能力和责任能力的关系,明确行为能力的概念、特征、本质及其制度价值和意义,继而通过讨论自然人行为能力的划分依据,使其涵义细致、深化。其次,通过对比国外成熟立法与我国现行立法,分别从未成年人行为能力的划分、行为效力和救济三个方面,以及成年人行为能力欠缺的宣告、行为效力和救济三个方面,分析我国民法规定在未成年人和成年人行为能力限制制度方面存在的缺陷与不足。最后,提出我国自然人行为能力制度的重构建议,即扩大行为能力欠缺的判断标准,除保留年龄和精神疾病标准外,增加智力障碍、高龄、身体残疾以及浪费、酗酒、赌博成性、吸毒成瘾等标准;改三级制为两级制,仅划分完全行为能力人与欠缺行为能力人;废除成年人行为能力欠缺的宣告制度,代之以个案审查的方式,增设以自愿为原则的登记制度;除细化规定未成年人可独立为之行为外,设立行为能力欠缺行为的撤销制度;完善欠缺行为能力人的救济制度,对未成年人区分规定亲权制度和监护制度,对成年欠缺行为能力人,根据不同程度,分法定和意定两种监护方式加以保护。更多还原

【Abstract】 The establishment of Civil Code is the necessity of the market economy and the development of the society. Thereinto, the problem of natural person has been paid much attention and the confirmation of the capacity of natural person is of great importance. As one kind of capacity, the capacity for civil conduct should also be attached importance to. But the regulation of the capacity for civil conduct of natural persons in the <General Principles of the Civil Law of the People’s Republic of China> lacks perfection and has a large distance with the demand of the carrying forward the spirit of civil law. This thesis intends to carry out a thorough study on the system of disposing capacity of natural persons and put forward the constructive suggestion systematically, hoping to bring some benefits to the perfection of legislation. The main content this thesis discussed includes the following aspects:First, this thesis summarize the general principles of the disposing capacity of natural persons, and analyze its relationship with the legal act, the capacity for act, the capacity for rights and liability. The concept, characteristics, essence of the disposing capacity, as well as its systematical value and significance, are clarified. Then, through the discussion of the classifying basis of the disposing capacity of natural persons, its concept is detailed and deepened.Secondly, through the comparison between the foreign legislation and current domestic legislation, analyze the limitation and deficiency in the restrictive system of the disposing capacity of minors and adults regulated in the <General Principles of the Civil Law of the People’s Republic of China> from the following aspects: the division, (?)he behavioral effect and the relief of the minors’ disposing capacity, the declaration, the (?)ehavioral effect and the relief of the adults’ disposing capacity.In the end, this thesis bring forward the reconstructive suggestion of the disposing (?)apacity system of natural persons in our country: extending the judging criterion, adding the metal disorders, the olds, the disables, the wasters, the gamblers and the drug addicts; change the three-level-system into the two-level one, only dividing the person with full disposing capacity and the person with incomplete disposing capacity; replacing the declaration system of the deficiency of the disposing capacity of adults with the way of examining on a case-by-case basis and adding the register system in the form of the principle of voluntary; setting up the withdrawal system besides detailing the independentable acts of the minors; perfecting the relief system of the person with incomplete disposing capacity - regulate the system of parent’s right and the system of guardianship for the minors separately and protect the adults with incomplete disposing capacity with the two different ways of wardship according to their different conditions.更多还原