【作者】 李文龙；

【导师】 张占平；

【作者基本信息】 大连海事大学 ， 工科材料加工工程， 2008， 硕士

【摘要】 海洋生物的附着会使海洋结构物的腐蚀破坏加剧,使用寿命显著缩短,给人类带来巨大的经济损失。在人类使用过的所有防污技术中,使用防污涂料是最成熟、最经济、应用最广泛的一种方法。20世纪70年代问世的含有机锡的自抛光防污涂料由于其杰出的防污作用和节能效果,很快得到推广。但随后有机锡对海洋生态及人类健康的危害逐渐受到重视,国际海事组织所属的海洋环境保护委员会(MEPC)规定2008年1月1日后彻底禁止使用含有机锡的防污漆。因此,开发高效低毒、无毒防污涂料就成了未来防污涂料必然的发展方向。由于电气石矿物材料具有永久性自发极化效应等特殊性质,近年来受到世界各国的普遍重视。本论文的目的是通过一系列实验,了解电气石在海水环境中对海洋生物生长活性的影响,以及海洋生物在含电气石涂层上的附着特性,从而研究电气石作为添加剂用于防污涂料中的可行性。本研究对实验用电气石粉体的粒度、Zeta电位、负离子释放率等性质进行测定,选用底栖硅藻以及海洋细菌作为目标生物,利用分光光度法测定底栖硅藻的叶绿素a值,利用平板计数法测定细菌菌落数,综合评价电气石矿物材料对目标生物生长活性的影响,以及含电气石涂层对目标生物附着特性的作用规律,最终提出作用机理模型。研究结果表明,电气石矿物材料的加入可以有效抑制海洋细菌和底栖硅藻的生长,各种涂层也均可以通过加入电气石来达到抑制目标生物附着的目的,而且随着电气石含量的增加,粒度的减小,这种抑制作用也越来越明显。经分析计算得出,当涂层的负离子释放率达到275个/cm~3时,底栖硅藻不再附着。本文提出三种电气石与海洋生物的作用机理模型:电气石的表面电场作用模型;电气石释放负离子效应模型;电气石改变水中溶解氧模型。更多还原

【Abstract】 To prevent the settlement and growth of marine organisms on submerged structures, such as oil rig supports, ship’s hulls, antifouling coating is the most mature, economical and widely used method among all the solutions proposed throughout the history of navigation.Among all the different solutions proposed throughout the history of navigation, tributyltin self-polishing copolymer paints （TBT-SPC paints） have been the most successful in combating biofouling on ships. The widespread use of these paints has led to important economic benefits for many years. Unfortunately, the TBT-SPC systems affect adversely the environment. Furthermore, after an International Convention held on 5^th October 2001, parties to the convention are required to ban the application of TBT-based antifouling paints from 1 January 2003, and the presence of such paints on the surface of the vessel from 1 January 2008. Thus, the paint industry has been urged to develop TBT-free products able to replace the TBT-based ones but yield the same economic benefits and cause less harmful effects on the environment.So far, tourmaline mineral materials, depending on its special properties such as spontaneous polarization effect, have been regarded by many scientists all over the world. The aim of this thesis is to find out the impacts of tourmaline on the activity of marine biology in seawater and the adhesion characteristic of marine biology on antifouling coatings including tourmaline by a series of experiments, to prove the possibility of using tourmaline in antifouling paint.Though measuring the properties of tourmaline such as granularity, Zeta potential, negative ions release rate, choosing benthic diatom and bacterium as biofouling target, utilizing separately spectrophotometry and slab bacteria counting testing Chlorophyll a of benthic diatom and the gross of bacterial colony, evaluating the impacts of tourmaline mineral materials on activity of target and effect law, finally this thesis put forward effect mechanism model.The results indicate that tourmaline can restrain the growth of benthic diatom and bacterium, antifouling paint including tourmaline can also restrain their adhesion. This effect is more obvious with the increase of tourmaline content and the decrease of its granularity. Based on all of the experimental results, it could be deduced, when negative ions release rate of the coating including tourmaline reach 275ion/cm³, benthic diatom will not accrete any more on it.The author put forward three models to explain the mechanism of tourmaline restraining marine biofouling in this paper: surface electric field model, negative ions releasing model, dissolved oxygen model.更多还原