【作者】 冯瑞臣；

【导师】 于洪亮；

【作者基本信息】 大连海事大学 ， 轮机工程， 2008， 硕士

【摘要】 安全是航运界关注的焦点,也是其面临的最主要问题,同时也是对船舶的最基本要求。国际海事组织已将综合安全评估(Formal Safety Assessment,简称FSA)引入海事界,FSA在制定安全规则、船舶安全营运管理、船舶设计中得到了广泛的应用。其中故障模式、影响和危害性分析(Failure Mode Effects andCriticality Analysis,简称FMECA)已经成为国内及国际航行高速船规范要求的分析技术。然而由于FMECA分析方法的本身特性及船舶系统的复杂性和特殊性,现有的分析多为定性分析,所以在此基础上引入模糊综合评判可以使得结果量化、精细化。因此,在我国船舶领域开展模糊FMECA的深入研究是非常必要的。本文所做的主要工作如下:第一、分析了采用FMECA方法对船舶主机系统进行评判的可行性,简单介绍了可靠性的基本理论和模糊综合评判方法,并重点介绍了FMECA方法。第二、运用FMECA方法对船舶主机系统进行分析。设定了实施FMECA的边界条件,总结出主机各系统的故障模式,建立了FMECA表格,并通过专家调查表获得数据,计算出各故障模式的RPN值,再按照RPN值的大小对各故障的危害性进行排序。为使FMECA的结果更加精细,建立了模糊风险决策模型,进一步对主机各系统的整体可靠性进行综合评判。详细介绍了模糊综合评判和层次分析法,运用模糊综合评判方法将调查所得数据转化为与各故障模式相对应的模糊矩阵,并根据层次分析法获得各因素的权重分配,从而对主机各系统的可靠性进行综合评判。第三、对“育鲲”轮教学实习船主机系统进行调研、分析研究,对上述方法进行实船应用,给出分析结果。本文形成了一套对船舶主机系统进行模糊FMECA可靠性分析的方法,并且在实习船上得到了实践验证。希望本文的研究成果能对其他船舶主机系统及整个船舶的可靠性研究有所借鉴与启发,进而推进船舶可靠性工程的发展。更多还原

【Abstract】 Safety is the focus and the most important issue in the filed of shipping. At the same time, it is the ultimate requirement for all kinds of ships. MO has brought in Formal Safety Assessment (FSA for short), which has been widely applied in the formulation of safety regulations, the management of safe shipping and the ship designing process. Failure Mode Effects and Criticality Analysis (FMECA for short) has become an efficient and common method for risk analysis both at home and abroad. However, most existing analyses are qualitative analyses, owning to the characteristic of FMECA and the complexity and particularity of marine systems. Since the application of Fuzzy FMECA could make the conclusion more quantitative and elaborate, profound research on it is necessary in the maritime field in China.Main tasks of this thesis are as follows:Firstly, this thesis analyzes the feasibility of using FMECA method on the safety assessment of the system in marine main engine, explains the basic theory of reliability and Fuzzy Comprehensive Evaluation, and introduces FMECA method in detail.Secondly, this thesis assesses the reliability of the main engine system by FMECA. It specifies the boundary before actualizing FMECA, summarizes the failure modes of the main engine systems, sets up FMECA tables, gains relevant data by investigation form, figures out the RPN values for every failure mode, and at last sequences of the criticality of each failure according the RPN values. Then, for the sake of making the results of FMECA more accurately, this thesis sets up the risk decision model of Fuzzy-FMECA and assesses the overall reliability of the main engine system further more. It introduces Fuzzy Comprehensive Evaluation method and Analytic Hierarchy Process method in detail, transforms the investigated data to the corresponding fuzzy matrixes of each failure modes with Fuzzy Comprehensive Evaluation method. It also gets the weight distribution of every failure mode with Analytic Hierarchy Process method, and assesses the overall reliability of the main engine systems.Thirdly, in order to validate the Fuzzy-FMECA method, this thesis investigates and analyzes the "YUKUN" teaching-training vessel, and gives the analysis conclusion..This thesis develops an effective method to do Fuzzy-FMECA for the main engine systems, which is verified on the teaching-training vessel. It is hoped that the research findings of this thesis can be of some help to the reliability research into main engine systems on other vessels, and also can foster the development of reliability engineering system.更多还原