【作者】 林申；

【导师】 韩立新；

【作者基本信息】 大连海事大学 ， 国际法学， 2008， 硕士

【摘要】 船舶留置权,即以船舶为客体的留置权,是与船舶优先权和船舶抵押权并列的一种独立的船舶担保物权类型。作为一种法定担保物权,船舶留置权在妥善维护特定债权人的合法利益,弘扬社会经济生活中的公平原则和诚信精神等诸多方面具有不可替代的作用,是现行船舶担保物权体系中最现实可靠的担保制度。然而,在当前的海事实践中,除造船人和修船人的船舶留置权以外,鲜见其他类型的船舶留置权。可以说,实务中船舶留置权固有的制度价值和功能远未得到全面的体现。这种不协调局面的出现,主要是我国海事立法以及相关国际公约未能正确审视船舶留置权内在的社会效用,过分侧重于船舶优先权人和船舶抵押权人的利益保护所致,无形中剥夺了潜在的船舶留置权人的应有权利,显属法律漏洞,亟待修正。有鉴于此,本文通过对船舶留置权现有法律规则和理论研究成果的分析和探讨,力图发现和解决船舶留置权不同层面上存在的若干问题,丰富和深化船舶留置权的理论体系,从学理的角度推动我国海商法框架下船舶留置权制度的完善,有效维护船舶留置权人的合法利益。本文在结构上可以划分为五个部分:第一部分是对船舶留置权的一些基本理论问题的简要分析和介绍,包括船舶留置权的含义、法律特征、法律地位、种类和客体等内容;第二部分论述的是船舶留置权的效力问题,包括船舶留置权所担保的债权范围、对留置权人、债务人和留置船舶所有人的效力及其在船舶担保物权体系中的受偿顺位,等等;第三部分从船舶留置权的取得和消灭两个角度对船舶留置权的变动问题进行了分析和阐述,并基于船舶留置权在实现条件、实现方式和实现程序上的特殊性对其实现问题作了简要的讨论;第四部分则根据民法上关于留置权“再生”的一般理论,对所谓船舶留置权的“再生”问题作了简要的探讨。同时,对类似的船舶留置权的“恢复”问题以及涉外案件中船舶留置权的法律适用给予了必要的说明;第五部分相当于本文的结论,阐述的是笔者关于完善我国船舶留置权制度的立法构想,分为实体法和程序法两个层面。更多还原

【Abstract】 A possessory lien on vessel, namely, is a kind of possessory lien which takes vessel as its object. It is an independent type of real right for security on vessel which parallels maritime liens and ship mortgages. As a kind of statutory real right for security, possessory lien on vessel has irreplaceable functions in many aspects, such as the appropriate protection of specific creditors’ legal interests and the propagation of the principle of equity and the spirit of good faith in our social economic life. It is the most realistic and reliable security institution in the present system of real rights for warranty on vessel. However, in maritime practice nowadays, hardly could we find the application of other types of possessory lien on vessel except for the ones enjoyed by shipbuilders and ship-repairers. It can be said that the intrinsic values and functions of possessory lien on vessel as a legal system have been concealed greatly in practice. The appearance of such a discordant situation can be mainly attributed to such a fact that the maritime legislation of China and related international conventions failed to survey correctly the inherent social significance of possessory lien on vessel and preferred excessively to protect the interests of those creditors enjoying maritime liens and ship mortgages, which deprives the potential creditors who should have enjoyed possessory liens on vessel of their expectable rights, existing as legal defects, and thus should be revised urgently. Based on such a condition, this thesis strives for finding and settling various issues on different levels of possessory lien on vessel through analyzing and discussing the existent legal rules and theoretical findings related thereto, enriches and deepens the theoretical system of possessory lien on vessel, aiming to, from the perspective of theory, propel the perfection of legal system of possessory liens on vessel under CMC and effectively preserve the legal benefits of specific creditors enjoying possessory liens on vessel.This thesis could be divided into five parts on structure: the first part briefly analyzes and introduces some basic theoretical issues pertaining to possessory lien on vessel, such as definition, legal characteristics, legal status, types and objects, etc; the second part discusses the legal effects of possessory lien on vessel, including the scope of creditor’s rights it guarantees, its effects towards creditor, debtor and ship-owner, and its discharge order in the system of real rights for security on vessel, etc; the third part analyzes and expatiates the changes of possessory lien on vessel from the perspectives of its acquirement and termination, and roughly discusses its realization based on its particularity in the conditions, manners and procedure thereof; the forth part imposes a brief analysis on the so-called "revival" of possessory lien on vessel with reference to the common theory about the "revival" of possessory lien in civil law, and meanwhile, gives necessary explanations of the similar "recovery" of possessory lien on vessel and the application of law on possessory lien on vessel in foreign-related cases; the fifth part serves as the conclusions of this thesis, which expounds the author’s ideas about the future legislation on the legal system of possessory lien on vessel in China. It involves two respects: substantive law and procedural law.更多还原