【作者】 孔令平；

【导师】 田荔枝；

【作者基本信息】 山东大学 ， 法律， 2007， 硕士

【摘要】 不起诉制度,是指案件因不符合提起公诉的法定条件或者没有追诉的必要,决定不将案件提交管辖法院审判,从而在起诉阶段终止刑事诉讼的制度。不起诉制度体现的是刑罚个别化和轻刑化的现代刑法思想,不起诉制度的合理运用,有利于提高诉讼效率,节约诉讼资源,实现诉讼经济目的,同时有利于维护犯罪嫌疑人的合法权益,我国刑事诉讼法对不起诉适用的条件和处理条件作了相应的规定,为司法实践提供了一定的法律依据和制度保障,然而在现实的司法的实务中,由于种种原因及多方面因素的干扰,使得不起诉的适用存在着诸多的问题,其内在价值无法得到实现。以往的研究多是从理论角度以及不起诉制度立法的角度着手研究的,而本文以一个司法实践者的视角,从不起诉的适用中存在的问题出发,认为在一个不尽人意的执法环境中,不起诉制度最大的问题不是立法的问题而是实际操作中的问题,诸如强行起诉问题、规避法律的隐形程序问题等等,而出现这些问题,又有着深刻的社会原因和现实需要,不改变这种执法现状,将不仅永远束缚检察人员的手脚,使不起诉制度无法发挥其应有的价值作用,而且更容易侵犯公民的合法权益。为此笔者针对在不起诉适用中的遇到的问题进行了研究和分析,并提出了一些改革与完善这一制度的构想,表达了一点建议,以期使不起诉的特定功能得以更具实效的发挥。本论文从不起诉制度的理论价值和意义,不起诉适用的现状及存在的问题,不起诉不正常行使问题,保障不起诉权正确行使的措施和建议四个部分进行了阐述和研究。现就这四个部分的内容作一简介。本文第一部分是不起诉制度的理论价值和意义,首先从不起诉的概念和性质入手,其次,还重点论述了不起诉的种类问题。然后对起诉法定主义与起诉便宜主义所蕴涵的法理基础进行了阐述,并指出我国不起诉既遵循起诉法定原则,又遵循起诉便宜原则。最后论述了不起诉的意义,具体体现在四个方面,一是体现诉讼经济效益的价值;二是符合“刑罚个别化”和“轻刑化”的刑事政策;三是有利于保护当事人的合法权益;四是正确行使不起诉权,也是我国目前的现实需要。本文第二部分是不起诉适用的现状及存在的问题。该部分是通过与具体案例相结合的形式指出了司法实践中不起诉适用中存在的问题,主要表现在五个方面。一是不起诉率使用过低;二是变相不起诉权大量存在;三是以建议撤销案件的方式代替不起诉;四是某些不起诉适用上的误区;五是不同不起诉类型的混用。笔者在提出这些问题的同时,不仅列举了一些真实的案例,而且对各种存在的问题的危害也进行了相应的剖析。本文第三部分是不起诉不正常行使问题。首先是对不起诉的危害进行了阐述,不起诉权的不正常行使,违背了刑法的谦抑性精神,不利于化解矛盾纠纷,促进社会的和谐和稳定;不起诉权不正常行使,规避了不起诉的适用,违背了程序法的规定。然后指出不起诉不正常行使存在的原因主要包括六个方面:一是检察机构内部职能部门设置不科学;二是错误的执法理念;三是人为的限制;四是不起诉的自由裁量权较小;五是人权观念和程序意识淡薄;六是检察官的执法环境较差,其合法权益得不到保障。本文第四部分是保障不起诉权正确行使的措施和建议,针对不起诉适用中存在的问题,提出了八项措施,分别是:一、完善内部监督制约机制;二、更新执法理念;三、确立刑事被害人的国家补偿制度;四、确立检察官的职务豁免及身份保障制度;五、确保检察官独立行使职权;六、确立对起诉权滥用的司法控制机制;七、提高检察官的整体素质和执法水平;八、完善对不起诉的公开审查制度。更多还原

【Abstract】 The System of Non-prosecution refers to the system in which cases not to be submitted to the court so as to terminate the criminal procedure in the prosecution phase, for these cases do not meet the legal conditions of public prosecutions or do not need to be prosecuted. The System of Non-prosecution embodies some modern criminal law trends of the punishment individualization and mitigation. The proper use of the System of Non-prosecution is helpful in raising prosecution efficiency, saving prosecution resources, reaching prosecution economic purposes, and guaranteeing the legal rights of suspects. The applicable conditions and the treatment conditions of the Non-prosecution System have been stipulated clearly in Code of Criminal Procedure of PRC, which provides legal foundations and system guarantees for judicial practices. However, in actual practices, owing to various reasons, there are many problems in applying the non-prosecution principle so as to its internal value cannot be smoothly realizad. Most of the cutting points in previous studies on this issue revolve around relevant theories or the legislation of the System while this thesis is going to focus on problems in the application of non-prosecution practices from a judicial practiser’s view, and try to draw the conclusion that under unsatisfactory law enforcemint circumstances, the biggest problems underlying the System of Non-prosecution lie in the actual practices rather than in the legislation. And the emergency of these problems have deep social background. Should this situation not be changed, neither the procurators would be able to work effectively, nor the value of the System of Non-prosecution would be realized, nor the citizens’ legal rights would be protected. In this thesis, in order to improve the System of Non-prosecution, based on my research, I put forward some advices.This thesis is divided into four parts: the theoretical value and significance of the System of Non-prosecution, the current conditions and problems in applying the System of Non-prosecution, the malfunction of the System of Non-prosecution, and the measures and advices to guarantee the smooth application of the System of Non-prosecution.Part One focuses on the theoretical value and significance of the System of Non-prosecution. It starts with the concepts and nature of non-prosecution, then moves to the types of non-prosecution. After the underlying legal foundation of this system is clarified, the significance of the non-prosecution is discussed, which is specifically reflected in the following four points: First, the value of economical prosecution is embodied; Second, the criminal policies of "punishment individualization" and "punishment mitigation" are met; Third, the legal rights of the person involved in legal cases can be protected; Fourth, the proper use of non-prosecution is in line with our country’s needs.Pary Two concerns the current conditions and problems in applying the System of Non-prosecution. Through concrete cases, the problems in applying the System of Non-prosecution are mainly in the following five aspects. First, the ration of non-prosecutions in all prosecutions is much too low; Second, there are a legion of alternations of non-prosecution; Third, non-prosecution is replaced with the cancellation of cases; Fourth, there are misunderstandings of the System of Non-prosecution; Fifth, the inappropriate overlapping of the different types of non-prosecution. In raising these problems, the author list some real cases as well as making in-depth analysis to the aftermaths of those problems.Part Three is about the malfunction of the System of Non-prosecution. The aftermaths of the non-prosecution is touched upon. The malfunction of the non-prosecution runs counter to the basic spirits of our Criminal Law and is harmful to the harmony and stability of the society. Moreover, the malfunction of the non-prosecution does not take the application of non-prosecution into account, which is against the Procedure Law. Then, six reasons of the malfunction of non-prosecution are identified: First, the setting up of the procuratorial organs is unscientific; Second, there are false law enforcement concepts; Third, there are limitations purely created by men; Fourth, the free judgment authority of non-prosecution is far from sufficient; Fifth, the awareness of human rights and procedure is low; Sixth, law enforcement circumstances for procurators is unsatisfactory, whose legal rights cannot be protected.Part Four covers the measurements and advices to guarantee the smooth application of the System of Non-prosecution. According to the author, there are eight measures: First, the internal supervision mechanism must be improved; Second, the concepts of law enforcement must be updated; Third, the compensation system for criminal victims must be established; Fourth, the exemption from official duty of procurators must be established and their safety must be guaranteed; Fifth, procurators must independently exercise their functions and powers; Sixth, the judicial control mechanism for prosecution abuse must be established; Seventh, the law enforcement standards of procurators must be heightened; Eighth, the Public Examination System for Non-prosecution must be improved.更多还原