【作者】 席刚；

【导师】 田荔枝；

【作者基本信息】 山东大学 ， 法律， 2007， 硕士

【摘要】 诉讼是对抗性的,而和解是合作性的;诉讼的关键词是对峙,和解的关键词是妥协;诉讼的姿态是“为权利而斗争”,和解的理念是“为和谐而妥协”。在我们传统的观念中,犯罪就是“孤立的个人反对统治关系的斗争”,看似在刑事诉讼中国家通过施以刑罚,保护了法益,维护了秩序。实则不然,在犯罪中受到侵害的被害人—神突中的另一个主角的利益却被边缘化了,除了因国家对犯罪人施加刑罚带来的精神抚慰之外,并未获得其它更多的益处,甚至处境更加糟糕,纠纷并未得以真正地化解。简单地对犯罪人一判了之,只是一种“有害的正义”,它在对犯罪人加授损失的同时,并没有恢复被害人和社区受到的损失,对犯罪人的惩教效果也不理想。因此,借鉴西方国家的恢复性司法理念,实行刑事和解,才是破解难题之所在。恢复性司法主张将犯罪人、被害人置于中心地位,鼓励双方的家庭成员、亲友以及其他受到犯罪影响的人都参加到犯罪的处理过程中来,共同分担有害的影响,使被害人从犯罪人的真诚道歉和经济赔偿中寻得心理平衡,使犯罪人通过负责任的行为及时回归社会,使受损害的社会关系得以修复。这一价值取向恰与我国倡导的“宽严相济”刑事政策以及构建和谐社会的目标相契合。虽然我国的法治传统和社会观念与西方国家存在差别,但我国目前在多个层面存在建立刑事和解制度的必要性,并且在思想文化、司法资源、刑事政策、刑事法律和司法实践五个方面具备建立刑事和解制度的基础要素。但同时还要看到我国构建刑事和解制度所面临的众多障碍,既要吸收借鉴,又要符合我国的国情。具体构建刑事和解制度运行程序时,必须要明确刑事和解的主持者、适用阶段、案件范围以及保障性原则。我们国家要确立的刑事和解是从人民调解委员会调解、公安机关调解、检察机关调解、人民法院调解直至刑罚执行机关调解的全过程调解,并且每个环节都有具体的操作模式,不同的模式有不同的处理方式,从而构建起完整的有中国特色的刑事和解制度,真正实现刑事司法“无害的正义”。更多还原

【Abstract】 The litigation is confrontational, the key word of which is the confrontation, while the reconciliation is cooperative, the imperative word of which is the compromise; the posture of the litigation is "to struggle for the right" while the concept of the reconciliation is "to compromise for the harmony". In our traditional value, the crime is considered as "the isolated individual opposed to the rule of struggle", it seems as if the state protected the legal interests and maintained the social order by the imposition of the criminal penalties. However actually not, victims suffered form the crime- another protagonist in the conflict being marginalized- don’t receive more benefits, the situation even more, except for their comfortable spirits for the criminal penalties imposed by the state. Therefore, the dispute has not been truly resolved. The simple sentence for perpetrators, "a harmful justice", not only makes crimes suffered from losses but also leads victims and community not to recover their losses, at the same time, it gets the correctional effects for the offenders poor. Therefore, in view to the restorative justice philosophy from western countries, the imposition of criminal reconciliation is to solve the problem. The concept of the restorative justice advocates perpetrators and victims at the center position, encouraging family members, friends and any other person affected by a crime to participate in the process of solving the criminal problem, and each other share the harmful effects, which makes the criminal in search of the psychological balance from a sincere apology and financial compensation of the perpetrators, so that the perpetrators timely return to society by their responsible behaviors, and the damage of social relations can be repaired. The value orientation is combined with the severe clemency of criminal policy for China’s initiation and the objective of building a harmonious society in line. Although the rule of law in tradition and the social concept in China are different from western countries’, a number of dimensions to establish the need for criminal reconciliation system exist in China, moreover, the basic elements to establish the system of the criminal reconciliation have appeared in the ideological and cultural scope. But we must also see our system of criminal reconciliation faced by many obstacles. Therefore we must absorb and learn from the criminal reconciliation from western countries which also conforms to our national conditions. The concrete construction for the functioning procedure of the criminal reconciliation must clear the auspices of the criminal settlement, the application stage, the scope of the case and the principle’s committees of mediation, the conciliation of public security organs, the mediation of procurational organs, and the conciliation of the executive for court penalties, each of which has it’s specific operational mode, and different models have different approaches, thereby an entire criminal reconciliation with characteristics in China will be established, which contributes to fulfilling the justice without any loss truly.更多还原