【作者】 王海蓉；

【导师】 胡常龙；

【作者基本信息】 山东大学 ， 法律， 2007， 硕士

【摘要】 组织体不能成为犯罪主体经历了很长的历史时期。刑法上确立单位犯罪刑事责任是社会发展的产物。刑法由此从自然人一元主体刑法转变为自然人、单位二元主体刑法,刑法理论因此需要重构。本文第一部分简略介绍了中外单位犯罪主体立法的历史进程,并对刑法上确立单位犯罪刑事责任的规律和特点进行总结;第二部分着重论述了单位犯罪主体的理论根据。单位犯罪的特殊性就表现在单位犯罪的主体,单位是与自然人完全不同的另一类社会实体。法人实在论关于法人格理论的探讨为刑法上肯定单位(法人)犯罪奠定了理论基础。第三部分从中外单位犯罪主体范围的比较入手,指出我国单位犯罪主体立法的不足。单位犯罪主体引发的理论争议和实践困惑,究其原因,我国单位犯罪理论上准备不足是其中之一。单位犯罪主体立法过于原则,不够明确、具体。探讨单位犯罪主体的基本特征,为确认单位犯罪主体资格提供标准或依据,明确单位犯罪主体的范围。第四部分从正反两方面确认与否定单位犯罪的主体资格,从主体的角度区分单位犯罪和自然人犯罪。否定具备“单位”表征,实质不具备刑法上人格特征的“单位”的犯罪主体资格,查明自然人犯罪的真相。第五部分提出单位犯罪主体立法上的不足,有针对性地提出构想。本文试图从历史的视角,总结单位(法人)犯罪立法发展的一般规律,为我国单位犯罪的理论发展提供思路;用比较的眼光,发现我国单位犯罪立法上的不足,为立法的完善提供借鉴。更重要的还是,通过对单位犯罪主体相关理论的把握,为在现行立法框架内,司法实践中正确区分单位犯罪和自然人犯罪提供有效的方法或途径。通过对一人公司犯罪主体资格的评述,引发刑法如何应对新兴经济实体问题的思考。更多还原

【Abstract】 An organized unit could not become the subject of crime in a very long historical period. As time goes by, it has been accepted by all people nowadays that a unit should take its criminal responsibility for its crime. As a result of this, the criminal law has transformed from unitary subject to dual subjects which are a natural person and a unit. The theory of the criminal law therefore needs reconstruction.The author introduces briefly in the first part about Chinese and foreign historic courses of the legislation regarding the subject of crime committed by a unit, in the meantime, the author also makes a summary of the rules and the characteristics of criminal responsibility of the unit crime.In the second part, the writer emphatically elaborates the academic basis of the subject of a unit crime. The unit crime particularity displays in the subject of crime, the unit is a special social entity which differs widely with a natural person. The legal person realism definitely has laid the theoretic basis for cognizing that a unit can be a kind of subject of crime.In the third part, the author points out our legislative problems of unit crime by making comparison with foreign scope of the subject of unit crime. Our legislative problems are insufficiency from theoretic guides and superficialness on legislation. The writer puts forward the standard for confirming the capacity of the subject of unit crime through analyzing the characteristic of the subject of crime.In the fourth part, the writer tells us the standard for determinating the scope of the subject of unit crime from positive and negative aspects in order to discriminate crimes committed a unit or a natural person respectively, furthermore, the writer still thinks that some kind of crimes with the characteristics of crimes committed by units are not unit crimes rather than crimes committed by natural persons.The writer proposes the conceptive ideas on legislation of the subject of unit crime in the fifth part.The author attempts to summary the developmental rules of the crimes made by a unit from the historical angle of view so as to provide an idea for academic development on unit crime. More important, we hope this article can provide a model or offer a method for correct discrimination of the natural person crimes and unit crimes in the present legislative frame. At last, through comment on the legal capacity of one-person company, we have to realize that the criminal law is facing the challenge of new emerging economic entity for the sake of legalization of one-person company in our country.更多还原