【作者】 李丽；

【导师】 秦伟；

【作者基本信息】 山东大学 ， 民商法学， 2007， 硕士

【摘要】 夫妻财产制是调整夫妻财产关系的重要法律制度,各国对有关夫妻财产制的立法都极为重视,尤其是大陆法系国家,立法体系结构严谨,内容规定详尽,已经成为一种比较成熟的法律制度,非常值得我国立法予以借鉴和参考。建国后,我国对婚姻法曾进行过三次大的立法活动,这就是1950年的《婚姻法》、1980年的《婚姻法》和2001年修订的《婚姻法》。通过三次立法活动,我国夫妻财产制的立法体系已初步形成,结构和内容日趋完善。但随着我国市场经济的不断深入发展和社会政治、经济、文化等诸多方面的深度变革,现行《婚姻法》在调整夫妻财产关系方面显示出了明显的滞后与不足,难以适应司法实践的要求。与国外相对成熟的夫妻财产制立法相比较,我国夫妻财产制立法还存在不容忽视的缺陷。主要表现为:其一,立法的体系、结构不够合理。其二,法定夫妻财产制类型缺失,未设立非常法定夫妻财产制;有关法定夫妻财产制立法的内容与其它法律规定存在法律冲突;法定夫妻财产制具体内容的规定粗疏,缺乏可操作性。其三,约定夫妻财产制的立法内容不完整。对夫妻财产约定的时间、有效成立的要件、约定的公示方式、约定的变更与撤消等,缺乏明确的规定。我国目前正在进行《民法典》的编纂工作,夫妻财产制是《民法典·亲属编》的重要组成部分,对夫妻财产制的完善也是制定中国民法典的要求。为此,我国应以《民法典》的制定为契机,立足本国国情,借鉴大陆法系和英美法系国家先进的立法经验,进一步完善我国的夫妻财产制立法。首先,应从立法技术上进行更新,实现从粗放式原则向细密性规范的转变,尽可能避免法律冲突的产生。其次,完善立法体系。在《民法典·亲属编》中实现夫妻财产制立法的系统化;增设体现夫妻财产制立法宗旨和财产关系基本准则的通则性规定。再次,完善法定财产制的种类和具体内容。主要包括:增设非常法定夫妻财产制;明确夫妻财产的归属,防止法律冲突的产生;明确夫妻对财产的各项权利;增补夫妻个人财产与夫妻共同财产之间的补偿请求权;建立无形财产的转化补偿制度;增补夫妻财产制终止及其效力的规定。最后,在约定夫妻财产制的构建中,明确规定夫妻财产约定的时间、有效成立的要件、约定的内容、约定的公示方式、约定的变更与撤消等,建立完善的约定夫妻财产制度。更多还原

【Abstract】 The marital property system is an important legal system to adjust the marital property relations. Many countries all extremely take great care of the legislation about marital property system, especially mainland legal system countries, whose legislative system structure is rigorous, the content stipulation is exhaustive, has already become one kind of quite mature legal system. After the founding of the PRC, our country has carried on three big legislations to the marriage law, this was 1950"Marriage Law", 1980"Marriage Law" and 2001 revised "Marriage Law". Through these three legislations, the marital property system legislation system of our country has initially formed, the structure and the content consummate day by day. But along with our market economy developing unceasingly and thoroughly the social politics, the economy, the culture and so on many aspects has been deeply transforming. Our present "Marriage Law" has obvious lag and insufficiency in adjusting the marital property, adapted the judicial practice request with difficulty. Compared with the relatively mature marital property system legislation in other countries, our marital property system legislation also has flaw which can’t allow to be neglected. The main manifestations are: Firstly, the legislation system and the structure are insufficiently reasonable. Secondly, the type of statutory system concerning marital property is vacancy. The extremely statutory system concerning marital property hasn’t established; Conflicts have still existed in statutory system concerning marital property and other law. The concrete content stipulation of statutory system concerning marital property is careless, lacking in operations. Thirdly, the contractual marital property system is imperfect. The contractual time of marital property, the important document for effectively establishment, the contractual way, the change and cancellation of contract, is lack of explicit stipulation. At present our country is carrying on compiling the "Civil Code", and the marital property system is the important constituent of "Civil Code". Also the consummation of the marital property system is the essential condition to formulate China "Civil Code". Therefore, our country should take the formulation of "Civil Code" as a turning point to further consummate our marital property system legislation, based on our country national condition, at the same time using the advanced legislation experience from the mainland legal system and the England-America legal system countries. First, the legislation technology should be renewed. The transformation from the extensive principle to the close standard should be made, the legal conflict should be avoided as far as possible. Next, the legislation system should be consummated. The marital property system legislation should be systematized in " Civil Code ". The legislation objective which manifests the marital property system and the general rule stipulations of the property relations basic criterion should be additionally build. Thirdly, Statutory system concerning marital property’s type and concrete content should be consummated. Mainly includes: Additionally building extremely statutory system concerning marital property , the ownership of marital property, preventing the legal conflict, clearly defining right for marital property, supplementing the compensation request right between the marital personal property and the marital joint property, establishing the transforming and compensating system for the non visible property, supplementing stipulation of the marital property system termination and its potency. Finally, the contractual time of marital property, the important document for effectively establishment, the contractual way, the change and cancellation of contract should be explicitly stipulated in contractual marital property. The perfect contractual marital property system should be established as soon as possible.更多还原