【作者】 朱健；

【导师】 郑利强； 曲岩涛；

【作者基本信息】 山东大学 ， 化学工程， 2007， 硕士

【摘要】 世界上拥有超过6万亿桶的稠油储量,随着常规石油可采储量的日益减少,稠油将变成21世纪的主要能源。胜利油区拥有丰富的稠油储量,已探明储量为2.76亿吨,主体动用2.54亿吨,可采储量0.24亿吨,其中超稠油和特稠油油藏占整个稠油动用储量的60%以上,目前采出程度只有13.5%。经过多年的开发,稠油开发面临着一系列问题和巨大困难,主要有以下几个方面;1、主力油田水淹严重,乐安、单家寺油田含水都超过了90%;2、蒸汽吞吐后期,由于边水能量大,所以有效的阶梯开发方式难以实施;3、新的优质接替资源较少,超稠油、深层稠油、敏感性稠油油藏普遍。因此发展新的开发技术成为提高稠油油藏开采效果的重要前提。目前通常的稠油开采方式已经不能适应胜利稠油开发的需要,因此需要探索稠油开发的新思路。在炼厂稠油加工过程中,多采用热催化裂化工艺达到提高轻质油收率的目的,能否在地层条件下实现稠油的裂化反应,即将“炼厂搬到地下”,则是一个全新的思路。就是通过选择水热裂化催化剂注入地层,在地层条件下发生裂化反应,从而达到降低稠油粘度提高开发效果的目的。因而对此进行探索,就催化剂选择、催化裂化机理、有效期、催化剂与地层的配伍性等问题等开展研究,摸索稠油开发的新技术。本文主要通过分子化学的角度出发,根据矿场生产实际提出的问题,通过室内实验研究,对地层条件下稠油催化裂化反应机理进行解释,筛选出能够在中低温以及地层流体和环境条件下的催化剂体系,并研究出催化剂的有效应用方法;并期望通过深入的研究工作,掌握地层条件下制约稠油开采的主要因素,并寻求科学有效的解决办法。主要研究了1、建立油藏条件下稠油催化降粘评价流程以及实验方法。主要建立和完善在稠油热力开采过程实施地层中减粘技术的动态研究和评价方法。2、地层水热催化裂化降粘开采稠油新技术可行性实验研究。研究开发适合超稠油油藏开采的中低温水热裂化催化剂体系;研究适合地下催化减粘开采的稠油的主要特征,并优化所选催化剂的使用技术条件及有效应用方法。3、催化剂与地层的适应性和催化剂在地下的反应特征,如催化活性变化和有效期评价。4、对地层条件下稠油催化裂化反应机理进行解释。该项目主要是针对单6东区块的稠油所进行的催化裂解降粘的研究,已经筛选出合理的催化剂体系和使用条件,并设计了现场实施方案。由于该项目是具有前瞻性的基础实验研究项目,建立了油藏条件下稠油催化降粘评价流程以及催化剂体系筛选和评价方法,因此具有很大推广价值,可以在同类油藏中推广使用。更多还原

【Abstract】 The quantity of thick oil reserves in the world exceeds 6 trillion gallons. The thick oil will become primary energies in the 21st century along with the decrease of recoverable conventional petroleum reserves. Shengli oil field has rich thick oil reserves. The known petroleum reserves are 27.6 billion tons, the producing reserves are 2.54 and the recoverable reserves are 0.24 hundred million tons. The superior thick oil reservoir and the special thick oil reservoir account for the entire thick oil producing reserves above 60%, at present the recovery percent of reserves is only 13.5%. After many year developments, the thick oil development is facing a series of questions and huge difficult, mainly has following several aspects: 1st, drowning in the main oil field is serious, the water bearing ratio of Le An and Shan Jiasi oil field all surpassed 90%; 2nd, in later period of steam stimulation, because of the huge energy of edge water, the effective step development way implements with difficulty; 3rd, new high quality replaceable resources are few, the superior thick oil, in-depth thick oil and the sensitive thick oil reservoir is common..Developing the new development technology becomes an. important premise of enhancing the thick oil reservoir production effect. At present the usual thick oil production way could not meet the thick oil development need in Shengli oil field, which need to explore the new way of the thick oil development. In the process of thick oil processing in refinery, the hot catalytic cracking craft is used to enhance the light oil recovery. Whether realizes cracking reaction of the thick oil under the formation condition, "the refinery moves to underground", then is a brand-new way which selects water thermal cracking catalyst to inject into the formation, and produce the cracking reaction under the formation condition, thus achieves the goal of reducing the thick oil viscosity and enhancing development effect.Through the molecular chemistry angle, according to the question actually asked in the mine and through the laboratory experiment research, this article mainly explains the catalytic cracking reaction mechanism of the thick oil under the formation condition under, screens the catalyst system in the low temperature as well as under the formation fluid and the environmental condition, and studies the effective application method of the catalyst. And expected through the deep research, under the grasping formation condition restricts thick oil mining the primary factor, and seeks the science effective solution. Mainly studied 1st, establishing the thick oil catalysis fallen sticks evaluated flow and the experimental technique under the oil reservoir condition. Mainly establishes and consummates the dynamic research and the assessment method of implementing the reduced viscosity technique in the thick oil thermal energy mining process. 2nd, a new technical feasibility experimental study of falling viscosity to produce the thick oil by the formation water hot catalytic cracking. To research and develop the low lukewarm water thermal cracking catalyst system suiting for ultra thick oil reservoir production; To research the thick oil main characteristic suiting for the underground catalysis to reduce viscosity producing, and to optimize the use engineering factor and the effective application method of the selected catalyst. 3rd, the compatibility of catalyst and formation compatibility and the response characteristic of catalyst underground, like catalytic activity change and term of validity appraisal.4th, to explain the thick oil catalytic cracking reaction mechanism under the formation condition.This project mainly aims at the thick oil of Shan6 east areas to study the catalyzing, cracking and falling viscosity, which already screened the reasonable catalyst system and the exploitation conditions, and has designed the field implementation plan. Because this project is the forward-looking foundation experimental study project which established the thick oil catalysis to fall viscosity evaluating flow and evaluating method of screening the catalyst system under the oil reservoir condition, which had the very big promoted value, and can promote the use in the similar oil reservoir.更多还原